Identifying
the immunogenic moieties and their precise structure
of carbohydrates plays an important role for developing effective
carbohydrate-based subunit vaccines. This study assessed the structure–immunogenicity
relationship of carbohydrate moieties of a single repeating unit of
group A carbohydrate (GAC) present on the cell wall of group A Streptococcus (GAS) using a rationally designed self-adjuvanted
lipid-core peptide, instead of a carrier protein. Immunological evaluation
of fully synthetic glyco-lipopeptides (particle size: 300–500
nm) revealed that construct consisting of higher rhamnose moieties
(trirhamnosyl-lipopeptide) was able to induce enhanced immunogenic
activity in mice, and GlcNAc moiety was not found to be an essential
component of immunogenic GAC mimicked epitope. Trirhamnosyl-lipopeptide
also showed 75–97% opsonic activity against four different
clinical isolates of GAS and was comparable to a subunit peptide vaccine
(J8-lipopeptide) which illustrated 65–96% opsonic activity.