Amino acid composition of aragonitic concholin in the shell of
            <i>Arctica islandica</i>

Haugen, John‐Erik; Sejrup, Hans Petter

doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1990.tb01354.x

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The recent sample (Rogne) is less conclusive, but the data suggest that the starting point for diagenesis is a relatively uniform distribution of amino acids throughout the shell, varying between 20000 and 25000 pmol mg-'. However, analyses carried out on living individuals (Haugen and Sejrup, 1990) show that the initial amount of amino acids is about 20% lower in the outer part of the valve. The concentration of free amino acids increases relatively evenly through the valves with age in the younger samples.…”

Section: Variation In Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The shell of Arctica islandica consists of two distinct aragonitic layers with a homogeneous microstructure (Braggild, 1930;Taylor et a/., 1977). Haugen and Sejrup (1990) presented amino acid data from two living specimens of Arctica islandica from western Norway. The conclusion of this work was that the overall composition was very uniform throughout the shell, with a 20% lower level of amino acids in the outer parts.…”

Section: Composition In Living Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Amino acid diagenesis in the marine bivalve Arctica islandica Linné from northwest European sites: Only time and temperature?

Sejrup

Haugen²

1994

J Quaternary Science

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Collections of the molluscan species Arctica islandica from seven sites in Norway, Scotland and the North Sea, ranging in age from recent to Early Pleistocene, have been sampled for amino acid analyses. The shells were sampled in profiles through the valves at different distances from the umbo. In the fossil material a general trend of increasing degree of isoleucine (Ile) epimerisation and decreasing amino acid concentrations were found going from the inner part of the valve to the outer. Although less pronounced, there is a similar trend from the central part of the valve to the margin. As the concentration of alloisoleucine (alle) remains nearly JourMI of Quaternary Science constant, the observed changes in alle/lle ratios are a result of variations in the amount of isoleucine. The amino acid composition is fairly uniform in recent shells and the observed gradients are established in mid-Holocene samples. Therefore, it i s suggested that the gradients are established during rapid early degradation of the protein, possibly due to microbiological activity. Differences in alle/lle ratios observed in molluscs from sites of the same age and same thermal history could be explained by differences in the exposure to amino-acid-consuming microorganisms during the very early stage of diagenesis.

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Section: Variation In Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Composition In Living Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amino acid diagenesis in the marine bivalve Arctica islandica Linné from northwest European sites: Only time and temperature?

Sejrup

Haugen²

1994

J Quaternary Science

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“…In these studies a good correlation of the sites was indicated by ratios obtained on foraminifera and some molluscs; however, the ratios in the mollusc Arctica islandica were generally higher in the Fj@sanger section. This led to an extensive study of Arctica from the two sites and the results of these investigations are given in Haugen & Sejrup (1990, Sejrup & Haugen (1994) and Kaufman & Sejrup (1995). It was concluded from these studies that the two interglacials were of the same age (stage 5e) and that the amino acid diagenesis in samples of Arctica was influenced by intrashell variations resulting from different exposure to external processes at the two sites.…”

Section: Amino-acid Diagenesismentioning

confidence: 97%

A stage 7 marine interglacial record (the Grødeland Interglacial) on Jaeren, southwestern Norway; foraminiferal, stable isotopes and amino acid evidence

Sejrup¹,

Iversen

Larsen

et al. 1999

Boreas

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Foraminiferal biostratigraphy, stable isotopes and amino‐acid diagenesis have been investigated in a 125 m (+ 1 to — 124 m a.s.l.) long core from Jæren, southwestern Norway. Two marine units, the 42 m thick Grødeland Sand and the 8 m thick Sunde Sand, were found between till beds. Based on the biostratigraphic data, nine foraminiferal assemblage zones are defined. The Grødeland Sand shows a development from an ice‐proximal glacial environment in the lower part, through an arctic, possibly shallow‐water, environment, into a full interglacial open‐shelf regime (the Grødeland Interglacial). The Grødeland Interglacial sediments (zone 6 Cassidulina laevigata‐Cibicides zone) were deposited at a water depth of 20 m, in an open, high‐energy shelf environment with temperature conditions similar to those prevailing in the northern North Sea today. The interglacial sediments are followed by deposits characteristic of an arctic environment which become more ice proximal upwards. Superimposed on the Grødeland Sand is a diamicton interpreted as till. Above the till is the upper marine unit (the Sunde Sand), which in the lower part yielded a shallow‐water arctic fauna replaced upwards by an ice‐proximal facies. The upper part of the Sunde Sand is barren of foraminifera and is superimposed by an upper till. The Sunde Interstadial is defined as a climatostratigraphic event resulting in deglaciation of western Norway and deposition of the Sunde Sand. Based on amino acid geochronology and inferences from the biostratigraphy, the Grødeland Interglacial is assigned to oxygen‐isotope stage 7, whereas the Sunde Interstadial is assigned to the Early Weichselian. Combined with existing data from the North Sea region and the Norwegian Sea, it is concluded that for stage 7, in addition to stages 1 and 5e, there must have been a strong influx of Atlantic water into the Norwegian Sea north of the British Isles. This circulation created a similar north‐south gradient in water masses in the North Sea to that which occurred during the Eemian and the Holocene. In the Nordic Seas, however, the stage 7 warm influx was probably restricted to the eastern part of the basin, unlike the later warm periods. This led to the development of fully interglacial conditions in the North Sea region, even though the palaeoceanographic data from the central part of the Nordic Seas suggest relatively cooler conditions for oxygen‐isotope stage 7.

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“…Miller and Brigham-Grette (1989) recommend analysis of between three and five samples (monospecific, if analysing mollusc shell or avian eggshell) to obtain a representative D/L value at each stratigraphic level. Furthermore, because there is some variability in D/L across an individual mollusc shell (Brigham 1983;Haugen and Sejrup 1990), it is generally good practice to sample from the same section of each shell. For many sample types, the inner and outer layers are mechanically abraded and the sample is chemically leached so that the inner core is consistently measured for AAR.…”

Section: Sampling Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Archaeological Applications of Amino Acid Racemization*

Johnson

Miller

1997

Archaeometry

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Amino acid racemization (AAR) in fossil biominerals has been used over the last 30 years to develop reliable chronologies and thermal histories in archaeological settings from all over the world. It is a biochemical reaction which progresses with time and temperature, and has the potential to be used in any material capable of sequestering amino acids (e.g., avian eggshell, molluscs, teeth, and bones). AAR is not a numerical dating method, per se; however, it can be used for a variety of chronological and palaeotemperature applications. Provided there is some independent age control, AAR can be used to extend or to improve upon the chronology, or to reconstruct the temperature history at a site. The use of AAR as a dating/palaeothermometry tool has been somewhat underutilized by the archaeological community, presumably due to a series of errors made on studies of human bone shortly after the technique was first discovered. Since these early studies, continued exploration of AAR has demonstrated the growing power of the technique for chronological and palaeothermometry research in certain sample types, as well as some novel applications pertinent to archaeologists and anthropologists. For example, relevant information on human behaviour, including burial practices, the use of fire, and the degree of mixing at a site, can be determined using AAR. This paper presents the basic principles behind AAR and a review of the technique as it has been applied to the archaeological record. AAR in some of the biominerals commonly associated with archaeological sites is reviewed, and guidelines for sample collection presented. Finally, a brief description of some of the chromatography techniques used for amino acid analysis is given.

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Amino acid composition of aragonitic concholin in the shell of Arctica islandica

Cited by 15 publications

References 24 publications

Amino acid diagenesis in the marine bivalve Arctica islandica Linné from northwest European sites: Only time and temperature?

Amino acid diagenesis in the marine bivalve Arctica islandica Linné from northwest European sites: Only time and temperature?

A stage 7 marine interglacial record (the Grødeland Interglacial) on Jaeren, southwestern Norway; foraminiferal, stable isotopes and amino acid evidence

Archaeological Applications of Amino Acid Racemization*

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