Amino Acid Composition of Certain Bacterial Cell-Wall Proteins1

Howe, Jean M.; Featherston, W. R.; Stadelman, W. J.; Banwart, G. J.

doi:10.1128/aem.13.5.650-652.1965

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Without correcting for amide, which presumably is rapidly degraded at pH 2 above 70 C, it was found that the cell wall contains an excess of acidic over basic amino acids at a percentage of about 9 mol. This value is similar to that of mesophilic bacteria living in neutral habitats (11), but well below that of other bacteria from extreme ionic environments (9,18).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Subunit Cell Wall of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius

Weiss

1974

J Bacteriol

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The cell wall of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius has been isolated. Cells were mechanically disrupted with a French press, and the cytoplasmic membrane was removed by extracting cell-envelope fragments with Triton X-100. The Triton-insoluble cell wall material retained the characteristic subunit structure when examined in the electron microscope. Isolated cell wall fragments formed in open sheets that were easily separated from cytoplasmic contamination. Chemical studies showed that the Triton-insoluble cell wall fragments consisted of lipoprotein with small amounts of carbohydrate and hexosamine. The amino acid composition indicated a highly charged hydrophobic cell surface. The presence of diaminopimelic acid with only traces of muramic acid indicates that the cell envelope does not have a rigid peptidoglycan layer. The results of chemical analyses and electron microscopy suggest a wall-membrane interaction stabilizing the cell envelope. The chemical and physical properties of this type of cell envelope would appear to form the basis for a new major division of bacteria with the definitive characteristics of a morphologically distinct subunit cell wall devoid of peptidoglycan.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Subunit Cell Wall of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius

Weiss

1974

J Bacteriol

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“…Certainly, these amino acids are present in the cell wall proteins of common bacilli such as E. coli. A test of the degradation hypothesis (Howe et al 1965) would require work perhaps involving some form of genetic or biomarker tracing. A similar rise is seen in the amino acid concentrations of the Mars-1 and Salten Skov material despite their different amino acid make-up in their unirradiated state.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis and survival of amino acids in Martian regolith analogs

Garry

Kate

Martins

et al. 2006

Meteorit & Planetary Scien

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Abstract-We have investigated the native amino acid composition of two analogs of Martian soil, JSC Mars-1 and Salten Skov. A Mars simulation chamber has been built and used to expose samples of these analogs to temperature and lighting conditions similar to those found at low latitudes on the Martian surface. The effects of the simulated conditions have been examined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Exposure to energetic ultraviolet (UV) light in vacuum appears to cause a modest increase in the concentration of certain amino acids within the materials, which is interpreted as resulting from the degradation of microorganisms. The influence of low temperatures shows that the accretion of condensed water on the soils leads to the destruction of amino acids, supporting the idea that reactive chemical processes involving H 2 O are at work within the Martian soil. We discuss the influence of UV radiation, low temperatures, and gaseous CO 2 on the intrinsic amino acid composition of Martian soil analogs and describe, with the help of a simple model, how these studies fit within the framework of life detection on Mars and the practical tasks of choosing and using Martian regolith analogs in planetary research.

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“…Two diluents for disrupting washed cell suspensions were compared in a preliminary series of experiments. After final washing, the cells of certain strains were resuspended either in distilled water (7) or in PBS containing glass beads before lysis (4).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enteropathogenicity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the ligated rabbit ileum

Brown¹,

Spaulding²,

Twedt³

1977

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The enteropathogenicity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus was investigated by contrasting the effects of whole cells, cell fragments, cell-free preparations, and media constituents injected into rtabbit ileal loops. Three of 20 cultures utilized were Kanagawa-negative strains from seawater and sea fish. The remaining 17 cultures included both Kanagawa-positive and-negative strains from Japanese victims of gastroenteritis. Broth culture filtrates concentrated 10-fold by dialysis against 30% Carbowax were unreactive, whereas lyophilized filtrates, regardless of Kanagawa type, as well as all sterile broth preparations containing .5% NaCl gave positive reactions in the rabbit gut. In contrast, crude lysates derived from broth cultures of Kanagawa-positive strains caused loop dilatation; lysate supernatants were unreactive. Lysates of cells washed from brain heart infusion agar were more reactive than lysates from Trypticase soy agar-grown cells. When agar-grown cell lysates prepared by disruption in saline were dialyzed against distilled water, they were devoid of gut reactivity. Reactivity was restored in dialysands resuspended in saline and in dialysates concentrated 10fold. The agar-grown cell lysates exhibited Kanagawa-type hemolysis. Our data support the conclusion that the rabbit loop reactivity observed with lyophilized, cell-free culture filtrates may result from excessively elevated NaCl concentrations, and that a toxic factor associated with large-cell particles may be dialyzable, depends on saline for expression, and resembles the Kanagawa hemolysin.

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Amino Acid Composition of Certain Bacterial Cell-Wall Proteins1

Cited by 9 publications

References 8 publications

Subunit Cell Wall of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius

Subunit Cell Wall of Sulfolobus acidocaldarius

Analysis and survival of amino acids in Martian regolith analogs

Enteropathogenicity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the ligated rabbit ileum

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