Amino-Acid Constitution of Diphtheria Toxin and Toxoid

Pigment Formation by Bacterium Salmonicida

“…The formaldehyde treated cultures were found to be convenient controls and were used to compare the changes in pigmentation with the color of the originals. Woiwod and Linggood (1949) reported the possible combination of tyrosine with formaldehyde as indicated from qualitative differences between chromatograms of acid hydrolyzate of highly purified diphtheria toxin and toxoid. Tyrosine was present in the chromatogram of toxin but not in toxoid.…”

Paper Chromatography

“…Studies were made of hydrolyzates of gramicidin (185); of protein fractions (flowing Hirer paper1 chromatographic technique) {152); of the amino acid composition of plant leaf protein fractions, showing that hydroxylysine was absent from leaf proteins (122), and identified the amino acids present (121); and of enzyme hydrolyzed proteins (201). Quantitative determination of the components of many mixtures was reported on keto acids (30), purines and pyrimidines (.93, 203), amino acids of salmine (84), .Y-substituted amino acids (78), purine and pyrimidine derivatives (89), lysine (1), creatine and creatinine (132)(133)(134), amino nitrogen (223), amino acid mixtures (129), and micro estimation of amino nitrogen (221).…”

Chromatography

“…Illustrative examples of the kinds of materials investigated by paper chromatography and the methods utilized for their detection are summarized herewith. Radioactive products of photosynthesis were located by photography (5,18,19); nucleic acids were located by absorption of ultraviolet light determined photographically (80); penicillins (61,64,74) and streptomycins (138) were determined by bactericidal tests; ascorbic acid and related compounds were determined with 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol (7.9); reducing and nonreducing sugars were determined with weakly alkaline permanganate (91) and with aniline phthalate (92); and amino acids were located with ninhydrin (1,7,15,68,75,89,99,102,106,139) or with copper salts plus ninhydrin (32). Lysine has been detected with ferrocyanide (2) and glycine with o-phthalaldehyde (93).…”

“…Lysine has been detected with ferrocyanide (2) and glycine with o-phthalaldehyde (93). Other materials studied by paper chromatography tvere proteins and enzymes, located with benzidine, hemin, and peroxide (43); nucleotides of ribonucleic acid (22); iodoamino acids of the thyroid located by radioactivity (127); amino acids of frog larvae (75), of royal jelly (102), and of diphtheria toxin and toxoid (139); and a toxic substance formed by treatment of proteins with nitrogen trichloride (6). Still other substances investigated by adsorption in paper were 2,4dinitrophenylhydrazones (21), dinitrophenyl derivatives of amino acids (96), decomposition products of riboflavin (52), pterins (49), epinephrine and norepinephrine (48), and various nucleic acids (80).…”