Amino Acid Deficiencies of Casein as a Source of Protein for the Chick

Wietlake, A. W.; Hogan, A. G.; O’Dell, Boyd L.; Kempster, H. L.

doi:10.1093/jn/52.2.311

Cited by 37 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Arnold et al (1936) had initially demonstrated that purified casein, as a protein source for chicks, was grossly deficient in arginine-a finding subsequently confirmed by several other researchers (Krautmann et al, 1957;Snyder, Momson, & Scott, 1954;Wietlake et al, 1954). The contribution to growth of single amino acids other than arginine is less clear.…”

Section: Experiments 5: Selecting From Sources Of Purified Casein and mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Because casein, a component of milk, is not a natural dietary source of protein for avian young, its use avoided the possibility that evolutionarily shaped food preferences would guide their dietary choices. In addition, because casein, like most purified components, is relatively unpalatable for chickens (Almquist, Mecchi, & Kratzer, 1941;Wietlake, Hogan, O'Dell, & Kempster, 1954) and a number of other species (Beck & Galef, 1989;Cook, Kane, Rogers, & Morris, 1985;Lat, 1967;Sanders, Ackroff, Collier, & Squibb, 1984), palatability could not be the basis for its intake.…”

Section: Rovee-collier Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The deleterious effect of purified casein on growth rates of chicks has been known for more than a half-century (Almquist et al, 1941;Arnold, Kline, Elvehjem, & Hart, 1936;Wietlake et al, 1954). In all of this early work, chicks were offered a purifiedcasein diet or some variation of it as their sole food source.…”

Section: Experiments 1: Growth and Body Temperatures Of Casein-fed Chicksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diet selection by chicks

et al. 1996

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Section: Experiments 5: Selecting From Sources Of Purified Casein and mentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Rovee-collier Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experiments 1: Growth and Body Temperatures Of Casein-fed Chicksmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diet selection by chicks

et al. 1996

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“…Furthermore, it has an important role as an energy carrier in the cells (Walker, 1979). Guanidino acetic acid is considered the only immediate precursor for creatine in the body of animals; moreover, it is more stable and less expensive than creatine and it could be a good additive for poultry (Wietlake et al, 1954). However, the amount that is synthesised could be insufficient to meet the demand of the fast growing broilers and therefore it has the potential for being supplemented to broilers since it plays an important role in the cellular energy metabolism (Lemme et al, 2007b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Guanidino Acetic Acid and Metabolisable Energy Level of Diets on Performance of Broiler Chickens

Abudabos

Saleh²,

Lemme

et al. 2014

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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This work aimed to investigate the effects on performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens of 2 levels of guanidino acetic acid (GAA) in a commercial form (CreAMINO ® ) and 4 levels of metabolisable energy. The eight dietary regimens were tested for starter (0-10 d), grower (11-22 d) and finisher (23-35 d) periods on a total of 200 male ROSS 308 broiler chickens in a factorial arrangements of treatments (2 4), with experimental diet fed to 5 replicate pens with 4 birds each. The results revealed a positive effect for CreAMINO ® supplementation on feed conversion ratio (FCR) for the starter, grower, finisher and cumulative periods (P<0.05, 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001, respectively); feed conversion was significantly improved in the treatment with CreAMINO ® supplementation vs unsupplemented group. During the grower period, a significant difference in FCR was observed for metabolisable energy (ME) level (P<0.01). When examining the cumulative period of the trial (0 to 35 days of age), two-way interaction was significant for feed intake and body weight gain. Birds receiving the control level of energy, 75 or 50 kcal/kg lower ME than the control, consumed less feed when supplemented with CreAMINO ® . Birds receiving 25 kcal/kg lower ME or the control energy levels gained more weight when supplemented with CreAMINO ® . In summary, GAA (as CreAMINO) improved FCR of broilers in each period as well as cumulatively, while ME level also affected FCR. CreAMINO ® supplementation to reduced-energy diets showed FCR improvements, while the best performance was detected for the diet with 50 kcal/kg lower ME.

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“…Supplementing vegetable diets with CREA is not considered feasible due to its instability and high cost (WIETLAKE et al, 1954). However, diets with high Arg levels can stimulate the formation of CREA in the muscle tissue of broilers (CHAMRUSPOLLERT et al, 2002), but this amino acid is not commercially available for animal diets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of supplementation of guanidinoacetic acid and arginine in vegetable diets for broiler on performance, carcass yield and meat quality

Esser

Taniguti

Silva

et al. 2018

SCA

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Birds fed with vegetable diets rely on the endogenous synthesis of creatine, which requires amino acids, some of which, for example arginine (Arg), are considered essential for several physiological and metabolic functions. Creatine is limited to high energy expenditure cells, particularly muscle cells. The objective of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of guanidinoacetic acid and arginine (as precursors of creatine) in vegetable diets, on the performance, quality, and yield of broiler chickens. The treatments consisted of diets based on corn and soybean meal (T1); corn, soybean meal + 3% meat meal (T2); corn, soybean meal + 0.08% guanidinoacetic acid (T3); and corn, soybean meal + 0.08% L-arginine (T4). The productive performance of the birds aged 7-, 21-, and 42-days-old was determined. Eighteen 7-day-old birds were sacrificed per treatment to evaluate breast and leg yield, and breast muscle fibers, and eighteen 42-day-old birds were sampled per treatment to determine serum uric acid, urea, creatine, lactate, and glucose concentrations. The same birds were slaughtered to calculate carcass yield in relation to live weight and commercial cut yield. The right pectoralis major muscle of each bird was used to test pH, color (luminosity L*, red index a*, and yellow index b*), and loss of water by pressure analysis, and the left side was used to analyze losses by defrosting and cooking. The data were analyzed using the software SAS. Diets to which meat or vegetable meal plus guanidinoacetic acid or L-Arginine were added resulted in higher live weight and breast meat percentage at 7 days old. Feed conversion was affected for a total period of 1 to 42 days of age (P < 0.0002). The birds with a diet supplemented with vegetable and meat meal had better feed conversion when compared to the birds that were fed with other diets. Treatments did not affect carcass and commercial cut yields, percent loss by cooking, pressure and defrosting of the broiler breast meat, or color (L, a*, and b*) and pH values. Key words: Weight gain. Glycine. ATP re-synthesis. ResumoAves alimentadas com dietas vegetais dependem da síntese endógena de creatina, que requer a participação de aminoácidos, alguns deles considerados essenciais para diversas funções fisiológicas e metabólicas, como a arginina (Arg). A creatina limita-se a células de alto gasto energético, em particular as células musculares. O objetivo foi avaliar a inclusão do ácido guanidinoacético e de arginina como precursor da creatina em dietas vegetais sobre o desempenho, a qualidade e o rendimento de carcaça de frangos de corte. Os tratamentos consistiram em dietas baseadas em milho e farelo de soja (T1); dieta a base de milho, farelo de soja + 3% de farinha de carne (T2); dieta a base de milho e farelo de soja +0,08% de ácido guanidinoacético (T3) e dieta a base de milho e farelo de soja +0,08% de L-arginina (T4). O desempenho produtivo das aves foi determinado aos 7, 21 e 42 dias de idade. Aos sete dias de idade, 18 aves/tratamento foram sacrificadas para avalia...

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Amino Acid Deficiencies of Casein as a Source of Protein for the Chick

Cited by 37 publications

References 5 publications

Diet selection by chicks

Diet selection by chicks

The Relationship Between Guanidino Acetic Acid and Metabolisable Energy Level of Diets on Performance of Broiler Chickens

Effect of supplementation of guanidinoacetic acid and arginine in vegetable diets for broiler on performance, carcass yield and meat quality

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