Amino acid levels in muscle tissue of eight meat cattle breeds

Abstract

Vopálenský J., Suchý P., Straková E., Šimek F., Macháček M., Herzig I. (2017): Amino acid levels in muscle tissue of eight meat cattle breeds. Czech J. Anim. Sci., 62, 339-346.Ten clinically healthy bulls equal in weight were chosen from eight meat cattle breeds maintained in the same geographical conditions using the extensive grazing method. After slaughtering, muscle tissue samples were taken from the musculus longissimus and pars thoracis, and dry matter, nitrogenous substances, fat, and the levels of essential (EAAs) and non-essential (NEAAs) amino acids were determined. Significant differences were found between the monitored genotypes in the contents of dry matter, nitrogenous substances, fat, EAAs, and NEAAs (P ≤ 0.05). The highest concentrations of nitrogenous substances in muscle tissue were detected in the Limousine breed and the lowest in the Aberdeen Angus breed; the highest fat content was found in Aberdeen Angus and the lowest in Galloway. Out of the total sum of EAAs, the highest percentage in the dry matter of muscle tissue in all genotypes was found for Lys (8.8-10.4%), the lowest percentage was found for Met (2.4-2.9%). The value of Thr was approximately 4.6, Val 5.1, Ile 4.8, Leu 8.2, Phe 4.1, His 4.2, and Arg 8.0%. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) between the monitored breeds were found in all EAAs, except for Val and Leu. Regarding NEAAs, out of the total protein, the highest percentage was found for Glu (13.9-15.1%). Conversely, the lowest values were detected for Ser (3.8-4.1%) and Tyr (3.8-4.4%). The values of other NEAAs were approximately 9.3 for Asp, 4.0 for Ser, 5.3 for Pro, 5.5 for Gly, and 6.1% for Ala. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) were found between the monitored genotypes in all NEAAs except for Pro and Ala. In the dry matter of muscle tissue, out of the total protein, the sum of EAAs ranged from 50.6 (Meat Simmental) to 52.0% (Limousine), and NEAAs ranged from 48.0 (Limousine) to 49.4% (Meat Simmental). Apart from its effect on the biological value of meat, representation of individual amino acids is important to enhance its taste or smell.Keywords: meat cattle breeds; musculus longissimus dorsi; dry matter; protein; fat; essential and non-essential amino acids List of abbreviations: EAAs = essential amino acids, NEAAs = non-essential amino acids, Asp = aspartic acid, Thr = threonine, Ser = serine, Glu = glutamic acid, Pro = proline, Gly = glycine, Ala = alanine, Val = valine, Met = methionine, Ile = isoleucine, Leu = leucine, Tyr = tyrosine, Phe = phenylalanine, His = histidine, Lys = lysine, Arg = arginine, AA = Aberdeen Angus, BA = Blonde d'Aquitaine, Lim = Limousine, Char = Charolais, Gas = Gasconne, MS = Meat Simmental, Sal = Salers, Gall = Galloway

Effect of Sex and Age on Nutritional Content in Wild Axis Deer (Axis axis Erx.) Meat

“…Glutamic and aspartic acid, alanine, lysine and leucine are the most abundant amino acids in game meat [52], and this corresponds to the results of this study. Non-essential amino acids (g/100 g meat) found in axis meat had a similar content to those reported by Lorenzo et al [13] in wild red deer and by Hoffman et al [53] in springbok meat. Analysing amino acid content in five ungulate game species (wild and farmed deer, roe deer, elk, wild boar), Strazdina et al [5] reported a lower content of major non-essential amino acids than found in this study.…”

“…The nutritional value of meat protein depends on the presence or absence of non-essential and essential amino acids. As in the present study, a minor effect of sex and age on amino acid content was reported for red deer and springbok [13,53]. Cygan-Szczegielniak and Janicki [8] also reported a minor effect of sex on non-essential amino acids in roe deer meat, but a significant effect of essential amino acid content.…”

“…Analysing amino acid content in five ungulate game species (wild and farmed deer, roe deer, elk, wild boar), Strazdina et al [5] reported a lower content of major non-essential amino acids than found in this study. Essential amino acids (g/100 g meat) found in axis deer were lower than reported by Lorenzo et al [13], Strazdina et al [5] and Hoffman et al [53] for other deer species. However, for roe and maral deer, considerably higher non-essential and essential amino acid contents were reported than for axis deer [8,15].…”

“…Several studies reported mineral composition and content of antelope species. Higher content of P, K, Mg, Ca, Fe and Zn, but similar Na content was reported for impala [51], while half the P, K and Na content was reported for springbok meat [53]. Analysing the mineral content of internal organs of grazing red deer, Grace et al [56] found potassium to be the most abundant mineral, whereas Vengušt and Vengušt [57] found phosphorus to be the dominant macro element in the liver of grazing fallow deer.…”

Spiny-Cheek Crayfish, Faxonius limosus (Rafinesque, 1817), as an Alternative Food Source

“…Arg, Leu, and Lys were the most frequent amino acids in the EAA group, and Glu and Asp were the most frequent amino acids in the NEAA group. Comparison of amino acid profiles between the meat of F. limosus and livestock [ 41 , 66 , 67 , 68 ] and fish [ 69 , 70 , 71 ] showed that raw material collected from spiny-cheek crayfish has similar or higher free amino acid concentrations (Arg, Ile, Leu, Trp, Glu) than that from vertebrates. According to Claybrook [ 72 ], this is a manifestation of differing osmoregulatory needs.…”