Amino Acid Profiles and Compositions of Different Cultivars of Panicum miliaceum L.

Abstract

Amino acids are valuable nutrients, responsible for a variety of tasks in the human body. A favourable amino acid profile in gluten-free crops, such as millet, can thus be beneficial for human health, which is why 35 proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) samples, comprising 23 whole and 12 dehulled, were investigated regarding their amino acid profiles and compositions using acidic hydrolysis and ion-exchange chromatography with ninhydrin derivatization and subsequent detection with photometry. Results for amino acid compositions were compared with gluten-containing wheat and other gluten-free cereals. Furthermore, gained values were put in contrast to estimated essential amino acid requirements for adult humans. The study was able to show that cultivars of proso millet differ and that dehulling does not significantly influence the amino acid compositions. Furthermore, the results display that Panicum miliaceum L. holds more essential amino acids than other gluten-free grains and exhibits high amounts of leucine and alanine. The methionine content differs greatly between samples, which means that choosing certain cultivars is important to ensure a high content. The most abundant amino acids in proso millet grains are glutamic acid/glutamine (2.13 ± 0.34 g per 100 g), alanine (1.06 ± 0.18 g per 100 g) and leucine (1.36 ± 0.24 g per 100 g). Graphic abstract

Significance of different milling methods on white proso millet flour physicochemical, rheological, and baking properties

“…Similarly, it was also found that proso millet grain is also rich in mineral content especially phosphorous, magnesium, and potassium. These readings corroborate closely with the study by Wiedemair, Scholl‐Bürgi, Karall, and Huck (2020) and Malik, Krishnaswamy, and Mustapha (2021) for amino acid and mineral contents, respectively.…”

Capitalizing on a double crop: Recent advances in proso millet's transition to a food crop

“…Higher contents of certain (but not all) essential amino acids (especially leucine) than commonly found in wheat were reported for proso millet (Kalinova & Moudry, 2006; Wiedemair, Scholl‐Burgi, Karall, & Huck, 2020). Similar to other cereal grains, lysine and the sulfur‐containing methionine and cysteine represent limiting essential amino acids (Jones, Beckwith, Khoo, & Inglett, 1970; Kalinova & Moudry, 2006; Shen et al., 2018; Wiedemair et al., 2020). It was recently shown that methionine contents vary considerably across proso millet cultivars, which may be an important selection criterion when choosing a variety for food production (Wiedemair, Ramoner, & Huck, 2019).…”

“…Interestingly, two varieties with a red seed coat (Lipetskoe and Toldanskoe) were described as having a lower amino acid score, for instance containing less valine and isoleucine than most other millet samples with a different seed coat color (Kalinova & Moudry, 2006). The amino acid composition was shown not to be significantly changed by decortication (Wiedemair et al., 2020). Although the overall range in protein contents was similar for whole and decorticated grains, in some studies, decortication reduced the amount of protein (Mustač et al., 2020; Németh et al., 2019).…”

Reconstructing Hominin Diets with Stable Isotope Analysis of Amino Acids: New Perspectives and Future Directions

“… 2020 , Wiedemair et al. 2020 ). For this reason, human δ 13 C lysine values are likely to be much more sensitive than δ 13 C phenylalanine values to protein supplementation from animal foods and food processing increasing digestibility.…”