Amino Acids | Glutamine

Watford, Malcolm

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819460-7.00028-1

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 157 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Glutamine is a non-essential amino acid that is abundant in a healthy, balanced diet. Dietary glutamine, however, is completely metabolized by the enterocytes, therefore the body pool of glutamine is synthesized endogenously by GS [ 3 ]. During pregnancy and lactation, maternal glutamine demand increases to support the enlarged intestine, the growing fetus, and milk production [ 2 , [6] , [7] , [8] ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Known sites of net glutamine production are liver, skeletal muscle, lung, and adipose tissues [ 3 ]. We found that GS protein abundance during lactation did not show significant changes in the liver, skeletal muscle, and the lung ( Supplemental Figure 5 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glutamine amido nitrogen can give rise to purines, pyrimidines, glucosamine, NAD, and asparagine. The bulk of glutamine, however, is deamidated to glutamate and serves as a substrate for the Krebs cycle, the urea cycle, and gluconeogenesis [ [1] , [2] , [3] , [4] ]. Glutamine is also the primary respiratory fuel for enterocytes, immune cells, and proliferating cells [ 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The bulk of glutamine, however, is deamidated to glutamate and serves as a substrate for the Krebs cycle, the urea cycle, and gluconeogenesis [ [1] , [2] , [3] , [4] ]. Glutamine is also the primary respiratory fuel for enterocytes, immune cells, and proliferating cells [ 3 , 4 ]. Enterocytes effectively metabolize all dietary glutamine and glutamate, meaning the body pool of glutamine is made endogenously by the action of glutamine synthetase (GS) [ 3 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glutamine is also the primary respiratory fuel for enterocytes, immune cells, and proliferating cells [ 3 , 4 ]. Enterocytes effectively metabolize all dietary glutamine and glutamate, meaning the body pool of glutamine is made endogenously by the action of glutamine synthetase (GS) [ 3 , 5 ]. In healthy conditions, skeletal muscle, lungs, adipose tissue, and liver show net glutamine release [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Adipocytes Are the Only Site of Glutamine Synthetase Expression Within the Lactating Mouse Mammary Gland

Le,

Nguyen,

Manso

et al. 2024

Current Developments in Nutrition

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Adipocytes Are the Only Site of Glutamine Synthetase Expression Within the Lactating Mouse Mammary Gland

Le,

Nguyen,

Manso

et al. 2024

Current Developments in Nutrition

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Decreased fasting serum glucogenic amino acids with a higher compared to normal protein diet during energy restriction in women: a randomized controlled trial

Ogilvie

Watford

et al. 2021

Amino Acids

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Effect of gelatin drying methods on its amphiphilicity

Voroshilin

Kurbanova

Ostapova

et al. 2022

Foods and Raw Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Gelatin is a natural amphiphilic biopolymer that is widely used in food products, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. We studied the effect of spray and freeze drying on the solubility and amphiphilicity of gelatin samples. The control sample was a commercially produced edible gelatin. The experimental samples were spray- and freeze-dried gelatins obtained by enzymatic-acid hydrolysis of cattle bone. Amino acid sequences were determined by matrix-activated laser desorption/ionization. Solubility was assessed visually. Bloom strength of the gelatin gels was measured by a texture analyzer. The ProtScale online service was used to predict the amphiphilic topology of gelatin proteins. Molecular weight distribution of proteins was carried out by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Spray drying reduced protein degradation and retained more α-chains, while freeze drying increased gelatin’s hydrophobicity and decreased its solubility. The predicted topology of protein hydrophobicity based on the amino acid sequences was in line with our results on solubility. The freeze-dried gelatin had a 18% larger amount of low-molecular weight peptides, compared to the control and the spray-dried samples. This was probably caused by the cleavage of peptides during the drying process. Thus, freeze drying can lead to maximum degradation of gelatin components, which may be associated with a longer heat treatment, compared to spray drying. Thus, spray drying is more suitable for gelatin, since this method improves the stability of its outer and inner structure, ensuring high hydrophilic properties.

show abstract

Amino Acids | Glutamine

Cited by 5 publications

References 157 publications

Adipocytes Are the Only Site of Glutamine Synthetase Expression Within the Lactating Mouse Mammary Gland

Adipocytes Are the Only Site of Glutamine Synthetase Expression Within the Lactating Mouse Mammary Gland

Decreased fasting serum glucogenic amino acids with a higher compared to normal protein diet during energy restriction in women: a randomized controlled trial

Effect of gelatin drying methods on its amphiphilicity

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About