Amino Acids Hydrolyzed from Animal Carcasses Are a Good Additive for the Production of Bio-organic Fertilizer

Abstract

High-quality bio-organic fertilizers (BIOs) cannot be produced without the addition of some proteins. In this study, compound liquid amino acids (CLAA) from animal carcasses were utilized as additives into matured composts to create novel BIOs containing plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). The results showed that adding CLAA and inoculating bacteria meanwhile resulted in failed solid-state fermentation (SSF) due to the higher H+ contents. While after pre-compost for 4 days before PGPR inoculation, treatments of matured chicken or pig manure added with 0.2 ml g-1 of CLAA resulted in a maximum biomass of functional strains. Illumine-MiSeq sequencing and Real-Time PCR results showed that the CLAA addition decreased the bacterial abundance and richness, altered the bacterial community structure and changed the relative abundance of some microbial groups. This study offers a high value-added utilization of waste protein resources for producing economical, high-quality BIO.

Continuous application of different organic additives can suppress tomato disease by inducing the healthy rhizospheric microbiota through alterations to the bulk soil microflora

“…The chicken manure compost was produced by Nantong Huinong Co. Ltd., Jiangsu, China by composting chicken manure at 30-70°C for more than 20 days. The bio-organic fertilizer was produced by solid state fermentation according to Liu et al (2016). In brief, pre-compost matured chicken manure added with 0.2 ml g −1 of compound liquid amino acids for 4 days (the pH of the mixture was 5.0-6.0), then antagonistic strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9 (Cao et al 2011) was inoculated into the mixture for a secondary fermentation with 4 days.…”

“…The quality and concentration of the DNA samples were determined using a spectrophotometer (NanoDrop 2000, USA). Total numbers of bacteria and fungi were quantified by Real-Time PCR with primers Eub338 and Eub 518 and primers ITS1f and 5.8 s, respectively, according to Liu et al (2016). The copy numbers of SQR9 was also quantified by Real-Time PCR with primers SQR9F (5′-CATGAGATGGCGGGCTTT-3′) and SQR9R (5′-CGCATCCTCCCTGTCTTTG-3′) according to Qiu et al (2014).…”

“…Quality control and annotation of the raw sequences were performed according to Liu et al (2016). A total of 36,473 16S rRNA and 41,614 ITS gene sequences for each sample were randomly selected for further bacterial and fungal microbial community analysis, respectively.…”

“…A total of 36,473 16S rRNA and 41,614 ITS gene sequences for each sample were randomly selected for further bacterial and fungal microbial community analysis, respectively. To compare the similarities and differences of the bacterial and fungal community compositions among all soil samples, principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) based on the Bray-Curtis distance metric was performed using Mothur (Liu et al 2016) and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) was performed to evaluate the significant differences in bacterial and fungal community structures among the four fertilizer treatments. AMOVA was used to compare the relative abundance of different groups according to the ordination base on OTU.…”

Proteomic analysis reflects an environmental alkalinization-coupled pH-dependent mechanism of regulating lignocellulases in Trichoderma guizhouense NJAU4742

“…In the biofuel industry, acid or alkaline pretreatment is used and will partly destroy and significantly loosen the entire stable structure of plant biomass, thus providing a less recalcitrant and much more accessible material for the hydrolytic enzymes [11]. Similarly, in the field of bioorganic fertilizer, amino acids with animal origins are added into plant biomass for highly efficient fermentation by functional filamentous fungi, aiming to supply nutrients, slightly pretreat and prevent the growth of other microbes [12]. Certainly, all of these treatments would significantly change the subsequent environmental pH of the next step regardless of biofuel or bioorganic fertilizer production.…”