Amino Acids in Swine Nutrition and Production

Zhang, Qian; Hou, Yongqing; Bazer, Fuller W.; He, Wenliang; Posey, Erin A

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-54462-1_6

Cited by 41 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 180 publications

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“…As for mammals, birds can synthesize polyamines from ornithine via ODC in their tissues (Grillo et al 1977;Grillo and Bedino 1983;Bedford et al 1987). However, the concentration of ornithine in the plasma of chickens is very low as noted previously, and there is no uptake of ornithine from arterial blood by the liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, and small intestine of chickens in the fed state or by the extra-hepatic tissues of 6-day-fasted chickens (He et al 2021;Tinker et al 1986). At present, the tissue-specific intracellular sources of ornithine for polyamine synthesis in avian tissues have not been identified.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Because the small intestine of chickens does not express arginase or POX, dietary arginine and proline undergo no catabolism by their enterocytes. This explains, in part, our previous observations that the concentrations of arginine and proline in the plasma of post-weaning young pigs (Zhang et al 2021) are 73% and 31% lower than those for growing chickens (He et al 2021). It is unknown why both arginase and POX activities occur in the kidneys of chickens for polyamine synthesis, but this may be due to an ability of renal tubules to release a large amount of polyamines as growth factors (Deng et al 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…14 C]proline and 2 mmol/L glutamine (the source of glutamate for the conversion of proline-derived P5C into ornithine). Other amino acids were present in the incubation medium at concentrations found in the chicken plasma (He et al 2021). Blank incubations were run using medium containing all of the above components but no tissue.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Polyamines From L-[u-14 C]arginine and L-[u-14 C]proline In Kidneysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…P5C is transaminated with glutamate to generate ornithine by ornithine aminotransferase (OAT). Studies with sheep and swine have shown that maternal protein restriction results in intrauterine growth restriction (Halloran et al 2021), as well as reduced concentrations of polyamines in maternal plasma, fetal plasma, and allantoic fluid (Kwon et al 2004;Zhang et al 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although chicken tissues possess ODC activity (Grillo et al 1977;Grillo and Bedino 1983;Bedford et al 1987), little is known about the endogenous sources of ornithine for their synthesis of polyamines. Broiler chickens exhibit more rapid growth than livestock such as pigs and cattle (He et al 2021). In contrast to mammals, birds do not express arginase in their liver and contain no or relatively low arginase activity in other tissues (Tamir and Ratner 1963), and the concentrations of ornithine in the plasma of chickens are relatively low [e.g., 20 µmol/L; He et al 2021] when compared with those in mammals [e.g., 80-100 nmol/ml in pigs (Wu 2018)].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polyamine synthesis from arginine and proline in tissues of developing chickens

Furukawa

Bailey

et al. 2021

Amino Acids

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Polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) are synthesized primarily from ornithine via ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in mammals. Although avian tissues contain ODC activity, little is known about intracellular sources of ornithine for their polyamine synthesis. This study tested the hypothesis that arginase and proline oxidase contribute to polyamine synthesis in chickens. Kidney, jejunum, leg muscle, and liver from 0-, 7-, 14-and 21-day-old broiler chickens were assayed for the activities of arginase, proline oxidase (POX), ornithine aminotransferase (OAT), and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). Kidney slices were also used to determine 14 C-polyamine synthesis from [U-14 C]arginine and [U-14 C]proline. Furthermore, these tissues and plasma were analyzed for polyamines. Results indicate that all tissues contained OAT (mitochondrial) and ODC (cytosolic) activities, but arginase and POX activities were only detected in the mitochondria of chicken kidneys. Renal POX and arginase activities were greater at 7 days of age compared to newly hatched birds, and declined by Day 14. Renal arginase activity was greater at 21 days compared to 14 days of age, but there was no change in renal POX activity during that same period. Concentrations of polyamines in the kidneys and plasma were greater on Day 7 compared to Day 0 and decreased thereafter on Days 14 and 21. Kidney slices readily converted arginine and proline into polyamines, with peak rates being on Day 7. Concentrations of putrescine, spermidine and spermine in the plasma of chickens were about 20-to 100-fold greater than those in mammals. Our results indicate that polyamines are synthesized from arginine and proline in avian kidneys. Unlike mammals, polyamines released from the kidneys are likely the major source of polyamines in the blood and other extra-renal tissues in chickens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Synthesis Of Polyamines From L-[u-14 C]arginine and L-[u-14 C]proline In Kidneysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Polyamine synthesis from arginine and proline in tissues of developing chickens

Furukawa

Bailey

et al. 2021

Amino Acids

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Quality characteristics of non‐gluten biscuit developed from optimized cream and orange‐fleshed sweetpotato flour

2023

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Orange‐fleshed sweetpotato (OFSP; Ipomoea batatas L.) is a new variety of sweetpotato widely accepted as a staple food in African countries due to its nutritional and health benefits. The aim of this study was to determine the quality characteristics of value added biscuit developed from optimized non‐gluten blends. King J orange‐fleshed sweetpotato (UMUSPO1), Mother's Delight orange‐fleshed sweetpotato (UMUSPO2) and cream‐fleshed sweetpotato were used. Sweetpotato storage roots were processed into flour and were incorporated with soy concentrate, date palm and sweetpotato starch. The blends were optimized using an experimental design of response surface methodology; the optimized blends were used to produce biscuits, and the biscuits were evaluated for total phenol, total flavonoid, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and effective concentration (EC50), which is a concentration of the sample required to obtain a 50% antioxidant effect. The physical qualities and consumer acceptability of the developed and control biscuits were also assessed. The results obtained showed that the total phenolic values ranged from 2.32 to 12.54 mg GAE/g, total flavonoid values ranged from 1.11 to 12.20 mg QE/g, and FRAP values ranged from 4.38 to 22.54 mg AEE/g; EC50 of some antioxidant properties was observed to be less than (<) 2; the weight of the biscuit ranged between 4.50 and 5.59 g, diameter of the biscuit ranged between 5.30 and 6.70 cm, and the spread ratio ranged from 8.83 to 12.89. The sensory properties of the biscuit varied significantly (p < 0.05) with one another in terms of the aroma, appearance, crunchiness, taste and overall acceptability. This research showed that the optimized OFSP flour (OFSPK2) produced a good quality biscuit with the highest total phenolic, total flavonoid, and FRAP, and it exhibited good physical qualities. OFSPK2 biscuit had the highest score for its overall acceptability and compared favourably with the 100% wheat flour biscuit (control sample).

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Amino Acid Nutrition for Optimum Growth, Development, Reproduction, and Health of Zoo Animals

Herring

Bazer

2021

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology

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Amino Acids in Swine Nutrition and Production

Cited by 41 publications

References 180 publications

Polyamine synthesis from arginine and proline in tissues of developing chickens

Polyamine synthesis from arginine and proline in tissues of developing chickens

Quality characteristics of non‐gluten biscuit developed from optimized cream and orange‐fleshed sweetpotato flour

Amino Acid Nutrition for Optimum Growth, Development, Reproduction, and Health of Zoo Animals

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