Amino Phenyl Copper Phosphate-Bridged Reactive Phosphaphenanthrene to Intensify Fire Safety of Epoxy Resins

Abstract

To improve the compatibility between flame retardant and epoxy resin (EP) matrix, amino phenyl copper phosphate-9, 10-dihydro-9-oxygen-10-phospha-phenanthrene-10-oxide (CuPPA-DOPO) is synthesized through surface grafting, which is blended with EP matrix to prepare EP/CuPPA-DOPO composites. The amorphous structure of CuPPA-DOPO is characterized by X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images indicate that the agglomeration of hybrids is improved, resisting the intense intermolecular attractions on account of the acting force between CuPPA and DOPO. The results of thermal analysis show that CuPPA-DOPO can promote the premature decomposition of EP and increase the residual amount of EP composites. It is worth mentioning that EP/6 wt% CuPPA-DOPO composites reach UL-94 V-1 level and limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 32.6%. Meanwhile, their peak heat release rate (PHRR), peak smoke production release (PSPR) and CO2 production (CO2P) are decreased by 52.5%, 26.1% and 41.4%, respectively, compared with those of EP. The inhibition effect of CuPPA-DOPO on the combustion of EP may be due to the release of phosphorus and ammonia free radicals, as well as the catalytic charring ability of metal oxides and phosphorus phases.

Effect of Phosphorus and Chlorine Containing Plasticizers on the Physicochemical and Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Composites

“…During combustion, the heating rate of the composite surface can exceed 300 • C/min [29,30]. Thus, data from composite decomposition at low heating rates (data from thermogravimetric analysis) are not sufficient to describe the thermal degradation of polymers during combustion.…”

Characterization and Flame-Retardant Properties of Cobalt-Coordinated Cyclic Phosphonitrile in Thermoplastic Polyurethane Composites

“…Molecules 2024, 29,1869 combined in a three-necked flask and stirred continuously at 50 °C until the solution b clear. Then, we added 0.6 g (0.015 mol) of solid NaOH and let the reaction proceed The resulting solution was rotary evaporated and vacuum-dried at 100 °C for 12 h. quently, the methanol solution was stirred, filtered to separate NaCl solid, and then d to obtain the intermediate triphosphazene-co-5-aminotetrazolium (CPA).…”

“…Metal elements can catalyze dehydration and chain breakage of the polymer matrix, leading to the formation of a stable carbon layer that effectively suppresses heat and smoke release during combustion. However, the poor compatibility between metal compounds and organic polymer materials results in inadequate dispersion of the former within the polymer matrix, leading to a deterioration in the mechanical properties of the polymer material and hindering the achievement of the desired flame-retardant performance [25][26][27][28][29]. As a result, researchers have recently turned their attention to metal-organic coordination compounds; these compounds, with organic ligands, not only exhibit excellent compatibility with polymers but also provide flame-retardant properties due to the flame-retardant elements present on the organic ligands [30][31][32][33].…”

Synergistic effect of carbon nanotube on improving thermal stability, flame retardancy, and electrical conductivity of poly(butylene succinate)/piperazine pyrophosphate composites

“…The optimal sample was also from PBS/18PAPP-2CNT, which could achieve to V0 rating and no dripping, indicating CNTs as an excellent synergist to efficiently improve flame retardancy and anti-dripping properties of PBS/PAPP composites. Subsequently cone calorimeter testing (CCT) was used to investigate the flame retardancy of PBS samples, which is helpful to evaluate the fire risk during combustion [31][32][33][34][35][36]. Fig.…”