Aminoethyl substitution enhances the self-assembly properties of an aminocellulose as a potential archaeological wood consolidant

Wakefield, Jennifer M K; Hampe, Robert; Gillis, Richard B.; Sitterli, Agnes; Adams, Gary G.; Kutzke, Hartmut; Heinze, Thomas; Harding, Stephen E.

doi:10.1007/s00249-020-01451-y

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Colour change proved to be not as drastic as reported for other consolidants like soda lignin 4 . Other investigated materials such as isoeugenol 8 , 9 and aminocellulose 11 have yet to be proven to have a consolidative effect. Conversely, the hardness tests described in this study have shown that TPA6 and TPA7 improve the wood’s resistance to indentation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A particular emphasis was put on the sustainability of the new materials, with the use of bioinspired polymers whenever possible. Examples of materials that have been investigated include lignin 4 , isoeugenol 8 , 9 , chitosan 5 , 10 and aminocellulose 11 . Most recently, we have developed polymers derived from terpenes with functionalised hydroxylated moieties 12 , 13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of two terpene-derived polymers as consolidants for archaeological wood

Cutajar

Braovac²,

Stockman³

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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The evaluation of two terpene-derived polymers, termed TPA6 and TPA7, as possible consolidants for archaeological wood was carried out. The overall objective of this work was to expand the non-aqueous treatment toolkit which is available for the conservation of the highly degraded Oseberg collection. The wood artefacts which were found on the Oseberg ship were treated with alum in the early twentieth century, leading to the formation of sulfuric acid and to the precarious state that they are in today. Some of these artefacts cannot be treated with conventional aqueous consolidants, like polyethylene glycol, due to their highly degraded and/or reconstructed nature. This study sought to examine the level of penetration of the polymers in archaeological wood and to evaluate their consolidative effect. Both TPA6 and TPA7 were soluble in isopropanol and had a Mw of 3.9 and 4.2 kDa respectively. A number of archaeological wood specimens were immersed in solutions of these polymers. Their penetration and effects were evaluated using weight and dimensional change, colour change, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and hardness tests. Both polymers successfully penetrated the wood specimens, with a higher concentration found on the surface versus the core. Additionally, both polymers appeared to increase the hardness of the specimen surfaces. Increasing the polymer concentration and soaking time in future investigations could potentially facilitate the penetration to the wood cores.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of two terpene-derived polymers as consolidants for archaeological wood

Cutajar

Braovac²,

Stockman³

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

Self Cite

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“…The self-association of the chemicals can be partially reversible, which would facilitate the removal of at least part of the polymer from the wood if necessary. The research on the performance of waterlogged wood treated with amino cellulose is in progress [215].…”

Section: Cellulose and Its Derivativesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation of Waterlogged Wood—Past, Present and Future Perspectives

Broda

Hill

2021

Forests

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This paper reviews the degradation, preservation and conservation of waterlogged archaeological wood. Degradation due to bacteria in anoxic and soft-rot fungi and bacteria in oxic waterlogged conditions is discussed with consideration of the effect on the chemical composition of wood, as well as the deposition of sulphur and iron within the structure. The effects on physical properties are also considered. The paper then discusses the role of consolidants in preserving waterlogged archaeological wood after it is excavated as well as issues to be considered when reburial is used as a means of preservation. The use of alum and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as consolidants is presented along with various case studies with particular emphasis on marine artefacts. The properties of consolidated wood are examined, especially with respect to the degradation of the wood post-conservation. Different consolidants are reviewed along with their use and properties. The merits and risks of reburial and in situ preservation are considered as an alternative to conservation.

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“…Additionally, microbial degradation and heating can also have adverse impacts. ,− Over the past decade, there has been increasing interest in developing new materials to replace PEG, such as keratin (hydrolyzed feather keratin and keratin-metal/magnesium), organosilicons (methyltrimethoxysilane, organosilicon compounds, and ethyl orthosilicate), and halloysite nanotubes. , However, finding a sustainable consolidation agent with satisfactory compatibility and reinforcement effect for waterlogged archaeological wood remains challenging. Therefore, the idea of using the original composition of wood (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) as sources of consolidation materials for wooden cultural heritage has been proposed. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified Lignin Nanoparticles as Potential Conservation Materials for Waterlogged Archaeological Wood

Zhang

Liu

Ke³

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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Lignin is the most abundant component in archaeological waterlogged wood, making it a potential consolidant with high compatibility for historical wood conservation. However, its consolidation effect is limited by its low penetration into the wood. In this study, modified lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) were proposed for the first time as conservation materials for waterlogged archaeological wood. Two modified LNPs were prepared with low molecular weight, small size, and high solubility in ethylene glycol (EG) for consolidating waterlogged wood samples. These nanoparticles, hydrophilic aminated LNPs (ALNPs) and hydrophobic esterified LNPs (MALNPs), greatly improved the consolidation effect of waterlogged wood samples compared to LNPs. This was demonstrated by measuring their physical properties, dimensional stability, and mechanical properties. The surface color change was almost within the acceptable range for the human eye. We also discussed two different reinforcement mechanisms of ALNPs and MALNPs. ALNPs can form hydrogen bonds with hemicellulose/cellulose in the wood to strengthen the fragile wood cell wall, while MALNPs can fill the wood cell lumen to support the cell wall and prevent deformation during drying. Our work provides an approach of using biomaterials as consolidants for archaeological waterlogged wood and expands the use of lignin in this field.

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Aminoethyl substitution enhances the self-assembly properties of an aminocellulose as a potential archaeological wood consolidant

Cited by 12 publications

References 33 publications

Evaluation of two terpene-derived polymers as consolidants for archaeological wood

Evaluation of two terpene-derived polymers as consolidants for archaeological wood

Conservation of Waterlogged Wood—Past, Present and Future Perspectives

Modified Lignin Nanoparticles as Potential Conservation Materials for Waterlogged Archaeological Wood

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