Aminos�uren als ?leaf movement factors?

Schildknecht, H.; Tauscher, B.; Pesh-Imam, M; Beltle, Wolfgang; Kunzelmann, P.; Schneider, Diana

doi:10.1007/bf00440340

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This theory proposed that a substance with excitational properties was released into the vascular tissue where it could be carried by the transpiration stream to the responding pulvini. The chemical transmission theory was extended by Schildknecht et al . (1978, Schildknecht, 1983, Schildknecht, 1984, who analysed the chemical structure of leaf movement factors called 'turgorins'.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient knockout of photosynthesis mediated by electrical signals

et al. 2004

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Summary• In the sensitive species Mimosa pudica electric signals arise when the leaves are stimulated by touching or wounding. Experiments reported here provide information about a photosynthetic response that results from heat-induced electrical signalling in leaves.• Electric potential measurements, combined with chlorophyll fluorescence, as well as gas exchange measurements showed that wounding evokes an electrical signal that travels rapidly into the neighbouring leaf pinna to eliminate the net-CO 2 uptake rate. At the same time the PSII quantum yield of electron transport is reduced from c . 0.6 to 0.2. Two-dimensional imaging analysis of the chlorophyll fluorescence signal revealed that the yield reduction spreads acropetally through the pinna and via the veins through the leaflets.• To determine the speed of a chemical signal, a part of a pinna was exposed to 14 CO 2 . The remaining parts of the leaf were provided with label only when the translocation was extended to 12 h, indicating that a chemical signal is much too slow to account for the photosynthetic response after heat stimulation.• The results provide evidence for a role of the electrical signal in the regulation of photosynthesis because the high speed of the signal transduction rules out the involvement of a chemical signal, and the photosynthetic response occurs after the arrival of the electrical signal in the leaf pinna.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient knockout of photosynthesis mediated by electrical signals

et al. 2004

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“…Of these, interestingly, l-glutamic acid (1) caused periodical closure and opening movements at intervals of 5 to 10 min; however, it was proved not to be a true excitatory substance of the Mimosa plant. [12] In connection with this phenomenon, it is quite interesting that Nakajima et al carried out electrophysiological approaches using the stem surface of M. pudica and obtained results which indicated that sodium l-glutamate was the active compound responsible for the strong pulse, while d-glutamate was not active. [15] The nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds 2 ± 4 shown in Figure 3 were not related to the leaf movement.…”

Section: Excitatory Substances In Mimosa Pudicamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[15] The nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds 2 ± 4 shown in Figure 3 were not related to the leaf movement. [11,12] In 1983, after their extensive efforts in searching for the true leaf-movement factors (LMFs) of M. pudica, Schildknecht and Bender finally succeeded in the isolation and structure elucidation of four compounds (K-PLMF 1 (5), K-PLMF 2 (6), S-PLMF (7), and M-LMF (8)) from M. pudica, Acacia karroo, Oxalis strica, and others, [16] as shown in Figure 3. K-PLMF 1 (5), one of the representative compounds, was also synthesized by Schildknecht et al [17] Both natural and synthetic samples showed leaf-closing activity at concentrations of 10 À4 g L À1 .…”

Section: Excitatory Substances In Mimosa Pudicamentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemistry and Biology of Plant Leaf Movements

Ueda

Yamamura

2000

Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.

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The leaves of Mimosa pudica L. are well known for their rapid movement when touched. Recently, we were able to isolate an excitatory substance in small quantities from this plant, which consists of three different components (potassium L-malate, magnesium trans-aconitate, and dimethylammonium salt). Many plants close their leaves in the evening, as if to sleep, and open them early in the morning (nyctinastic leaf movement). This circadian rhythm is known to be controlled by the biological clock of such plants. Extensive studies on other nyctinastic plants led to the isolation of a variety of leaf-opening substances (LOSs) and leaf-closing substances (LCSs). Based on our experiments on these bioactive substances, we found that the circadian rhythmic leaf movement of these plants is initiated by the regulated balance of LOSs and LCSs. The balance of concentration between the two leaf-movement factors (LMFs) is inversed during the day. The glycoside-type LMF is hydrolyzed with beta-glucosidase, the activity of which is regulated by the biological clock. The circadian rhythm observed in the leaf movement is introduced by activation of beta-glucosidase regulated by the biological clock.

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“…[3, 11±14] Auûerdem wurden viele herkömmliche Aminosäuren detektiert, von denen l-Glutaminsäure 1 interessanterweise periodische Schlieû-und Öffnungsbewegungen in Intervallen von 5 bis 10 Minuten hervorruft, obwohl sie erwiesenermaûen kein echter Reizstoff der Mimosa-Pflanze ist. [12] In diesem Zusammenhang ist es recht interessant, dass Nakajima et al von M. pudica durchgeführt haben, bei denen Natrium-lglutamat als aktive Verbindung, die für den starken Impuls verantwortlich ist, identifiziert wurde; d-Glutamat war dagegen nicht aktiv. [15] Die in Abbildung 3 gezeigten Stickstoffheterocyclen 2 ± 4 standen nicht mit der Blattbewegung in Zusammenhang.…”

Section: Reizstoffe In Mimosa Pudicaunclassified

“…[15] Die in Abbildung 3 gezeigten Stickstoffheterocyclen 2 ± 4 standen nicht mit der Blattbewegung in Zusammenhang. [11,12] Ihre groûen Bemühungen bei der Suche nach den echten Leaf-Movement-Factors (LMFs) von M. pudica führten Schildknecht et al im Jahre 1983 schlieûlich mit der Isolierung und Strukturaufklärung von vier Leaf-Movement-Factors zum Erfolg: K-PLMF 1 5, K-PLMF 2 6, S-PLMF 7 und M-LMF 8 aus M. pudica, Acacia karroo, Oxalis strica u. a. [16] K-PLMF 1 5 wurde als eine stellvertretende Verbindung von Schildknecht et al synthetisiert.…”

Section: Reizstoffe In Mimosa Pudicaunclassified

Chemie und Biologie der Blattbewegungen

Yamamura

2000

Angewandte Chemie

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Das Öffnen und Schließen der Blätter von Pflanzen wie Mimosa pudica wird durch eine biologische Uhr gesteuert.Dabei spielt β-Glucosidase eine entscheidende Rolle; durch die Aktivierung dieses Enzyms wird die zirkadiane Rhythmik, die bei der Blattbewegung beobachtet wird, initiiert.[a] Die Skala reicht von ¹vollständig geöffnetª ( ) bis ¹vollständig geschlossenª (À À ).Tabelle 2. Kompetitive Wechselwirkung zwischen 24 und 25. [a] Konzentration von 24 [mol L À1 ] Verhältnis von 24 zu 25 Kontroll-[a] Die Skala reicht von ¹vollständig geöffnetª ( ) bis ¹vollständig geschlossenª (À À ).Tabelle 3. Quantitative HPLC-Analyse der Konzentration an 25, 28 und 29 in tagsüber und nachts gesammelten Exemplaren von Lespedeza cuneata G. Don. ZeitpunktKonzentration [mol L À1 ][a] Die Skala reicht von ¹vollständig geöffnetª ( ) bis ¹vollständig geschlossenª (À À ).Abbildung 11. Modell für den allgemeinen Mechanismus der chemischen Steuerung der Nyktinastie.

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Aminos�uren als ?leaf movement factors?

Cited by 16 publications

References 6 publications

Transient knockout of photosynthesis mediated by electrical signals

Transient knockout of photosynthesis mediated by electrical signals

Chemistry and Biology of Plant Leaf Movements

Chemie und Biologie der Blattbewegungen

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