Ammonia and greenhouse gas emission from group-housed gestating sows depends on floor type

Philippe, François-Xavier; Laitat, Martine; Wavreille, José; Bartiaux-Thill, Nicole; Nicks, Baudouin; Cabaraux, Jean-François

doi:10.1016/j.agee.2011.01.018

Cited by 25 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Similar findings have also been observed by Philippe et al (2011b) regarding NH 3 emissions. The discrepancy between the results of the studies, as shown in Table 4, may be attributed to differences in housing conditions, ventilation systems, management practices, diet formulation and gas measurement method.…”

Section: Contribution By Physiological Stagesupporting

confidence: 79%

Review on greenhouse gas emissions from pig houses: Production of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide by animals and manure

Philippe¹,

Nicks²

2015

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

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181

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A B S T R A C TThe environmental impacts of livestock production are attracting increasing attention, especially the emission of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Currently, pork is the most widely consumed meat product in the world, and its production is expected to grow in the next few decades. This paper deals with the production of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) by animals and by manure from pig buildings, with a focus on the influence of rearing techniques and nutrition. GHG emissions in piggeries originate from animals through CO 2 exhalation and CH 4 enteric fermentation, and from manure through the release of CO 2 , CH 4 and N 2 O. The level of the CO 2 exhalation (E-CO 2, pig ) depends on the physiological stage, the body weight (BW), the production level and the feed intake of the animals concerned. Enteric CH 4 (E-CH 4, pig ) is principally related to dietary fibre intake and the fermentative capacity of the pig's hindgut. Based on a review of the literature, the following equations are proposed in order to estimate E-CO 2, pig (in kg day À1) and E-CH 4,pig (in g day À1 ) for fattening pigs: E-CO 2,; E-CH 4,pig = 0.012 Â dRes; with BW (in kg) and dRes for digestible residues (in g day À1 ). Numerous pathways are responsible for GHG production in manure. In addition, the microbial, physical and chemical properties of manure interact and modulate the level of emissions. Influencing factors for removal systems for both liquid and solid fractions of manure have been investigated. A large range of parameters showing an impact on the level of GHG production from pig houses has been reported. However, few of these can be considered unquestionably as GHG mitigation techniques because some strategies have shown contradictory effects depending on the gas, the circumstances and the study. Nevertheless, frequent manure removal seems to be an efficient means to reduce concurrently CO 2 -, CH 4 -and N 2 O-emissions from pig buildings for both slatted and bedded floor systems. Manure removal operations may be associated with specific storage conditions and efficient treatment in order to further reduce emissions. Several feeding strategies have been tested to decrease GHG emissions but they seem to be ineffective in reducing emissions both significantly and durably. In general, good management practices that enhance zootechnical performance will have beneficial consequences on GHG emission intensity. Taking into account the results described in the literature regarding CO 2 -, CH 4 -and N 2 Oproduction from animals and manure in pig houses, we estimate total GHG emissions to 448.3 kg CO 2 equiv. per slaughter pig produced or 4.87 kg CO 2 equiv. per kg carcass. The fattening period accounts for more than 70% of total emissions, while the gestation, lactation and weaning periods each contribute to about 10% of total emissions. Emissions of CO 2 , CH 4 and N 2 O contribute to 81, 17 and 2% of total emissions from pig buildings, representing 3.87, 0.83 and 0.11 kg CO 2 equiv. per kg carcass, re...

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Section: Contribution By Physiological Stagesupporting

confidence: 79%

Review on greenhouse gas emissions from pig houses: Production of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide by animals and manure

Philippe¹,

Nicks²

2015

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

Self Cite

181

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Thus, one can observe that the highest contents of NH3 are linked directly to higher RH, as noted by MEDEIROS et al (2014) in swine facilities. The emission levels of both CO2 and NH3 are similar to pigs in the F phase, while the corresponding values for the other categories vary more, especially for weaned piglets (PHILIPPE & NICKS, 2015;PHILIPPE et al, 2011).…”

Section: Z(x1) and Z (X1 + H) -Observations Distant In H (M)mentioning

confidence: 74%

Zoning of environmental conditions inside a wean-to-finish pig facility

et al. 2016

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Using geostatistics, this study aimed to analyze environmental conditions for weanto-finish swines at 3 pm, during the most sensitive phases to thermal stress (growth/ finishing and finishing). To this end, dry-bulb temperature, relative humidity, air speed, ammonia and carbon dioxide concentrations were measured at 81 equidistant points within the barn. Descriptive statistics was used to classify attribute variability, generating mean, median, variation coefficient, asymmetry and kurtosis, through the normality of Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS). For that, it was used Minitab 15 software. Moreover, semivariograms were used to assess spatial dependence using the GS+ software, and through Surfer, spatial distribution maps were designed. Dry-bulb temperature and relative humidity showed a more homogeneous distribution whether compared to the other attributes. Furthermore, critical points were observed within the facility, with temperatures and low humidity, indicating the need for fogging equipment and fans to improve thermal comfort and animal welfare.

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“…It can therefore be deduced that the releases from manure contribute to about 20% and 33% of total emissions for R15 and R2.5, respectively, and may explain the difference observed between the two treatments. In manure, the CH 4 -production is promoted by lack of oxygen, high temperature, high level of degradable organic matter, high moisture content, low redox potential, neutral pH and C/N ratio between 15 and 30 (Dong et al, 2007;Costa and Guarino, 2009;Philippe et al, 2011b). The lower emission observed with the solid floor of which 15% was reserved for drainage although significant is however relatively negligible, that is 0.05 g/day per sow.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The lower emission observed with the solid floor of which 15% was reserved for drainage although significant is however relatively negligible, that is 0.05 g/day per sow. By comparison, the N 2 O-emissions measured with dry sows kept on straw bedded floor are higher with a range from 0.97 up to 6.12 g/day per sow (Philippe et al, , 2010(Philippe et al, , 2011b(Philippe et al, and 2013. These higher levels with bedded systems are due to a close combination in the litter of aerobic and anaerobic areas favouring N 2 O-synthesis while strictly anaerobic conditions within the slurry limit its production (Veeken et al, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Floor slat openings impact ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions associated with group-housed gestating sows

Philippe

Laitat

Wavreille

et al. 2016

animal

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According to EU legislation, group-housed gestating sows must have a minimum of 2.25 m 2 floor area per sow with at least 1.3 m 2 of continuous solid floor of which a maximum of 15% is reserved for drainage openings. The aim of the experiment was to quantify the impact of different drainage openings on ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions. Three successive batches of 10 gestating sows were used. Each batch was divided into two groups kept separately in two identical rooms with similar volume and surface. The solid part of the floor presented 15% drainage openings in the first room and 2.5% in the second room.

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Ammonia and greenhouse gas emission from group-housed gestating sows depends on floor type

Cited by 25 publications

References 38 publications

Review on greenhouse gas emissions from pig houses: Production of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide by animals and manure

Review on greenhouse gas emissions from pig houses: Production of carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide by animals and manure

Zoning of environmental conditions inside a wean-to-finish pig facility

Floor slat openings impact ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions associated with group-housed gestating sows

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