Ammonia and Malodorous Gases: Sources and Abatement Technologies

Feilberg, Anders; Sommer, Sven G.

doi:10.1002/9781118676677.ch9

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Chemical and biological scrubbers have been used to reduce NH 3 and odor emissions from pig and poultry housing facilities (Feilberg and Sommer, 2013). Both chemical and biological scrubbers have the potential to reduce NH 3 emissions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greenhouse Gas and Ammonia Emissions from Different Stages of Liquid Manure Management Chains: Abatement Options and Emission Interactions

2018

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Farm livestock manure is an important source of ammonia and greenhouse gases. Concerns over the environmental impact of emissions from manure management have resulted in research efforts focusing on emission abatement. However, questions regarding the successful abatement of manure-related emissions remain. This study uses a meta-analytical approach comprising 89 peer-reviewed studies to quantify emission reduction potentials of abatement options for liquid manure management chains from cattle and pigs. Analyses of emission reductions highlight the importance of accounting for interactions between emissions. Only three out of the eight abatement options considered (frequent removal of manure, anaerobic digesters, and manure acidification) reduced ammonia (3-60%), nitrous oxide (21-55%), and methane (29-74%) emissions simultaneously, whereas in all other cases, tradeoffs were identified. The results demonstrate that a shift from single-stage emission abatement options towards a wholechain perspective is vital in reducing overall emissions along the manure management chain. The study also identifies some key elements like proper clustering, reporting of influencing factors, and explicitly describing assumptions associated with abatement options that can reduce variability in emission reduction estimates. Prioritization of abatement options according to their functioning can help to determine low-risk emission reduction options, specifically options that alter manure characteristics (e.g., reduced protein diets, anaerobic digestion, or slurry acidification). These insights supported by comprehensive emission measurement studies can help improve the effectiveness of emission abatement and harmonize strategies aimed at reducing air pollution and climate change simultaneously. Greenhouse Gas and Ammonia Emissions from Different Stages of Liquid Manure Management Chains: Abatement Options and Emission InteractionsErangu Purath Mohankumar Sajeev,* Wilfried Winiwarter, and Barbara Amon L ivestock production and rearing is a major source of ammonia (NH 3 ) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In 2014, the livestock sector contributed a share of 53% methane (CH 4 ), 21% nitrous oxide (N 2 O), and 75% NH 3 to total agricultural emissions in the European Union (EU-28) (UNECE, 2016;UNFCCC, 2016). The negative impacts of these emissions on the environment have been widely reported. Accumulation of GHGs in the atmosphere causes climate change, which leads to undesirable consequences like sea level rise, increase in extreme weather events, and losses in food production (Stocker et al., 2013). Ammonia, on the other hand, poses a threat to terrestrial and aquatic systems and contributes to the formation of particulate matter in the atmosphere, which is harmful for human health . Ammonia volatilization and subsequent atmospheric deposition is also a source of indirect N 2 O emissions (De Klein et al., 2006). Given the projected increase in demand for livestock products (Steinfeld et al., 2007), there is a pressing need to ab...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Greenhouse Gas and Ammonia Emissions from Different Stages of Liquid Manure Management Chains: Abatement Options and Emission Interactions

2018

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“…The procedure to realise the simulation involved the following steps: -Selection of Ef for raw slurry (i.e., untreated slurry) during the entire storage period. The values selected referred to slurry storage in open tanks, i.e., 9% for cattle slurry, 15% for pig slurry and 28% for digestate (Feilberg and Sommer, 2013). -Calculation of emission reductions resulting from different coverings and acid addition when compared to emissions from raw slurry, using the results of the experiments.…”

Section: Assessment Of the Slurry Management Chainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most important factors influencing NH3 emission from slurry are the concentration of total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN) in the slurry, the emitting surface, pH of the slurry, the air velocity and the slurry temperature (Feilberg and Sommer, 2013). To reduce NH3 emissions during manure/slurry storage and subsequent land application, mitigation techniques must be implemented that are able to reduce the effects of these parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of techniques for ammonia emission mitigation during storage of livestock manure and assessment of their effect in the management chain

Riva

Bicoku

et al. 2019

J Agricult Engineer

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The reduction of ammonia (NH3) emissions associated with manure management requires identification and implementation of effective techniques. The objective of this study was to measure potential ammonia emissions from animal manure and evaluate emission reductions for five mitigation techniques (straw, sawdust, clay, oil and sulphuric acid). Although numerous studies have evaluated individual mitigation techniques, the variability of their effect with different types of slurries has not been fully investigated. Furthermore, the assessment of ammonia emissions from the subsequent land application of stored manure (or slurry) using different techniques would indicate the practical consequences of the entire slurry management chain. The effects of mitigation techniques were evaluated using a model to simulate field application of slurry. Three techniques were compared: broadcast spreading, band spreading and closed-slot injection. Simulations utilised data from experiments conducted at a controlled temperature on six slurries of three different types: pig, cattle and digestate. Ammonia emissions from the raw slurries (i.e., untreated slurry) were determined using the dynamic chamber technique and compared with those from the slurries treated using each of five mitigation techniques. A subsample of one 1 L of each slurry was transferred into 2 L plastic bottles. An airflow of 1 L min–1 across the headspace was established and then emissions were measured over a period of 24 h. The air outlet was connected to two serial acids traps filled with 1% boric acid. The quantity of NH3 trapped was determined by titration. Acidification and oil addition were the most effective techniques, reducing ammonia emission from raw slurries by more than 95% and 80%, respectively. The mitigation effects of straw and sawdust were higher for cattle slurry and digestate than for pig slurry, while clay had an opposite effect. The overall assessment of ammonia emissions from storage and subsequent field application showed that acidification followed by closed-slot injection emitted at most 12% of the emissions from the reference system, while emissions from acidification followed by band spreading were between 14% and 22% of those from the reference system. The latter appears to be both more effective than broadcast spreading and technically more easily operated than a closed-slot injector.

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“…Urine on the other hand, contains N in the form of urea which, when exposed to bacterial urease, is easily transformed to NH 3 . This has been highlighted in many studies which report that the presence of nitrogenous compounds (primarily as urea in urine) along with a high manure pH are the main factors leading to NH 3 emissions from manure (Lynch et al 2007;Feilberg and Sommer 2013). The potential of reduced CP in animal diets to decrease both the amount of N and pH of manure has been demonstrated in various studies (Canh et al 1998;Lynch et al 2007;Le et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Evaluating the potential of dietary crude protein manipulation in reducing ammonia emissions from cattle and pig manure: A meta-analysis

Mohankumar

Amon

Ammon

et al. 2017

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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Dietary manipulation of animal diets by reducing crude protein (CP) intake is a strategic NH 3 abatement option as it reduces the overall nitrogen input at the very beginning of the manure management chain. This study presents a comprehensive metaanalysis of scientific literature on NH 3 reductions following a reduction of CP in cattle and pig diets. Results indicate higher mean NH 3 reductions of 17 ± 6% per %-point CP reduction for cattle as compared to 11 ± 6% for pigs. Variability in NH 3 emission reduction estimates reported for different manure management stages and pig categories did not indicate a significant influence. Statistically significant relationships exist between CP reduction, NH 3 emissions and total ammoniacal nitrogen content in manure for both pigs and cattle, with cattle revealing higher NH 3 reductions and a clearer trend in relationships. This is attributed to the greater attention given to feed optimization in pigs relative to cattle and also due to the specific physiology of ruminants to efficiently recycle nitrogen in situations of low protein intake. The higher NH 3 reductions in cattle highlights the opportunity to extend concepts of feed optimization from pigs and poultry to cattle production systems to further reduce NH 3 emissions from livestock manure. The results presented help to accurately quantify the effects of NH 3 abatement following reduced CP levels in animal diets distinguishing between animal types and other physiological factors. This is useful in the development of emission factors associated with reduced CP as an NH 3 abatement option.

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Ammonia and Malodorous Gases: Sources and Abatement Technologies

Cited by 17 publications

References 55 publications

Greenhouse Gas and Ammonia Emissions from Different Stages of Liquid Manure Management Chains: Abatement Options and Emission Interactions

Greenhouse Gas and Ammonia Emissions from Different Stages of Liquid Manure Management Chains: Abatement Options and Emission Interactions

Comparison of techniques for ammonia emission mitigation during storage of livestock manure and assessment of their effect in the management chain

Evaluating the potential of dietary crude protein manipulation in reducing ammonia emissions from cattle and pig manure: A meta-analysis

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