Ammonia and PM2.5 Air Pollution in Paris during the 2020 COVID Lockdown

Viatte, Camille; Petit, Jean-Eudes; Yamanouchi, Shoma; Damme, Martin Van; Doucerain, Carole; Germain-Piaulenne, Emeric; Gros, Valérie; Favez, Olivier; Clarisse, Lieven; Coheur, Pierre‐François; Strong, Kimberly; Clerbaux, Cathy

doi:10.3390/atmos12020160

Cited by 36 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…At the same time, the remainder is attributable to industries. PM 2.5 concentrations, similar to NO 2 concentrations, were at their lowest during the SL period compared to previous years [78]. Figure S3 symbolizes an obvious fluctuation in the spatial extent and magnitude of PM 2.5 .…”

Section: Covid-19 Lockdown Impact On Atmospheric Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Situation of Urban Mobility in Pakistan: Before, during, and after the COVID-19 Lockdown with Climatic Risk Perceptions

et al. 2021

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The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has impacted the usual global movement patterns, atmospheric pollutants, and climatic parameters. The current study sought to assess the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on urban mobility, atmospheric pollutants, and Pakistan’s climate. For the air pollution assessment, total column ozone (O3), sulphur dioxide (SO2), and tropospheric column nitrogen dioxide (NO2) data from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), aerosol optical depth (AOD) data from the Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR), and dust column mass density (PM2.5) data from the MERRA-2 satellite were used. Furthermore, these datasets are linked to climatic parameters (temperature, precipitation, wind speed). The Kruskal–Wallis H test (KWt) is used to compare medians among k groups (k > 2), and the Wilcoxon signed-rank sum test (WRST) is for analyzing the differences between the medians of two datasets. To make the analysis more effective, and to justify that the variations in air quality parameters are due to the COVID-19 pandemic, a Generalized Linear Model (GLM) was used. The findings revealed that the limitations on human mobility have lowered emissions, which has improved the air quality in Pakistan. The results of the study showed that the climatic parameters (precipitation, Tmax, Tmin, and Tmean) have a positive correlation and wind speed has a negative correlation with NO2 and AOD. This study found a significant decrease in air pollutants (NO2, SO2, O3, AOD) of 30–40% in Pakistan during the strict lockdown period. In this duration, the highest drop of about 28% in NO2 concentrations has been found in Karachi. Total column O3 did not show any reduction during the strict lockdown, but a minor decline was depicted as 0.38% in Lahore and 0.55% in Islamabad during the loosening lockdown. During strict lockdown, AOD was reduced up to 23% in Islamabad and 14.46% in Lahore. The results of KWt and WRST evident that all the mobility indices are significant (p < 0.05) in nature. The GLM justified that restraining human activities during the lockdown has decreased anthropogenic emissions and, as a result, improved air quality, particularly in metropolitan areas.

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Section: Covid-19 Lockdown Impact On Atmospheric Pollutionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Situation of Urban Mobility in Pakistan: Before, during, and after the COVID-19 Lockdown with Climatic Risk Perceptions

et al. 2021

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“…Although a number of works on the effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on the concentrations of different atmospheric pollutants have been recently published (e.g. Donzelli et al, 2020 ; Filonchyk et al, 2021 ; Goel et al, 2021 ; Viatte et al, 2021 ), to our knowledge, few studies regarding changes in PM composition during this period have been conducted (e.g. Altuwayjiri et al, 2021 ; Manchanda et al, 2021 ; Wang et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the concentration and composition of urban aerosols during the COVID-19 lockdown

Clemente

Yubero

Nicolás

et al. 2022

Environmental Research

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This work investigates the impact of COVID-19 restrictive measures on the mass concentrations of PM 1 and PM 10 , and their chemical components (water-soluble ions, organic and elemental carbon, and major and trace metals) at an urban site in the western Mediterranean. The evolution of gaseous pollutants (NO x , O 3 and some volatile organic compounds) was also analyzed. The concentrations measured during the lockdown in 2020 were compared to those obtained during the same period over the preceding five years. The average decrease in the levels of NO x and traffic-related volatile organic compounds was higher than 50 %, while O 3 concentrations did not exhibit significant variations during the study period. Our results show that temporal variations in PM 1 and PM 10 concentrations were strongly affected by the frequency of Saharan dust events. When these episodes were excluded from the analysis period, a 35 % decrease in PM 1 and PM 10 levels was observed. Traffic restrictions during the lockdown led to important reductions in the concentrations of elemental carbon and metals derived from road dust (e.g. Ca and Fe) and break wear (e.g. Cu). Regarding secondary inorganic aerosols, nitrate showed the largest reductions as a consequence of the drop in local emissions of NO x .

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“…Comparison of NH 3 measurements from IASI with other satellite instruments, such as Crosstrack Infrared Sounder (Shephard and Cady-Pereira, 2015), exhibits consistent seasonal and interannual variability (Viatte et al, 2020). In a case study, Viatte et al (2021) coupled ground-based measurement of NH 3 with IASI (on board Metop A, B, and C). The 2 instruments showed high agreement, with a Pearson's correlation coefficient R ¼ .75.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 92%

A space view of agricultural and industrial changes during the Syrian civil war

Abeed

Clerbaux

Clarisse

et al. 2021

Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene

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The agricultural sector in Syria was heavily affected by the civil war that started in 2011. We investigate the war’s impact on the country’s atmospheric ammonia (NH3) from 2008 to 2019, using measurements from the infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer instrument on board the Metop satellites. We examine the changes in NH3 close to a fertilizer industry, whose activities were suspended due to conflict-related events. We also explore the effect of war-induced land use/land cover changes on agriculture-emitted ammonia in north-east Syria that has witnessed battles between different groups. The interpretation of the changes in NH3 is supported by different datasets: visible satellite imagery to assess the effect on industrial activity, reanalysis data from the European center for medium-range weather forecasts to look at the effect of meteorology (temperature, wind speed, and precipitation), and land cover and burned area products from the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) to examine land use/land cover changes and fire events during the study period. We show that the NH3 columns are directly affected by the war. Periods of intense conflict are reflected in lower values over the industry reaching –17%, –47%, and –32% in 2013, 2014, and 2016, respectively, compared to the [2008–2012] average, and a decrease reaching –14% and –15% in the croplands’ area in northeast Syria during 2017 and 2018 (compared to 2011), respectively. Toward the end of the control of Islamic State in Iraq and Syria, an increase in atmospheric NH3 was accompanied by an increase in croplands’ area that reached up to +35% in 2019 as compared to prewar (2011). This study shows the relevance of remote-sensing data of atmospheric composition in studying societal changes at a local and regional scale.

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Ammonia and PM2.5 Air Pollution in Paris during the 2020 COVID Lockdown

Cited by 36 publications

References 85 publications

Situation of Urban Mobility in Pakistan: Before, during, and after the COVID-19 Lockdown with Climatic Risk Perceptions

Situation of Urban Mobility in Pakistan: Before, during, and after the COVID-19 Lockdown with Climatic Risk Perceptions

Changes in the concentration and composition of urban aerosols during the COVID-19 lockdown

A space view of agricultural and industrial changes during the Syrian civil war

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