Ammonia and urea transporters in gills of fish and aquatic crustaceans

Weihrauch, Dirk; Wilkie, Michael P.; Walsh, Patrick J.

doi:10.1242/jeb.036103

Cited by 81 publications

(128 citation statements)

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“…In the euryhaline crab Carcinus maenas, the transcript of only one Rh protein, RhCM, has been detected and is highly expressed in the ammonia-excreting gills (reviewed in Weihrauch et al, 2009). Changes in RhCM expression with increasing salinity corresponded with increased transepithelial conductance of NH 4 + (Spaargaren, 1990;Weihrauch et al, 2009). In mosquito anal papillae, important ammonia excretory organs, we have now shown the expression of Rh proteins.…”

Section: Aerh50mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NHE3 is implicated in NH 4 + transport across the apical side to the water. Apical AeRh50s likely facilitate ammonia excretion in conjunction with the activity of apical VA by ammonia trapping, whereby VA creates an acidified boundary layer at the apical membrane aided by cytosolic carbonic anhydrase (Weihrauch et al, 2009;Wright and Wood, 2009). NH 3 is effectively 'trapped' in the form of NH 4 + by binding to H + , thereby sustaining a NH 3 gradient that favors NH 3 excretion into the water.…”

Section: Model Of Ammonia Excretion By Anal Papillaementioning

confidence: 99%

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Aedes aegypti Rhesus glycoproteins contribute to ammonia excretion by larval anal papillae

Durant

Chasiotis

Misyura

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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In larval Aedes aegypti, transcripts of the Rhesus-like glycoproteins AeRh50-1 and AeRh50-2 have been detected in the anal papillae, sites of ammonia (NH 3 /NH 4 + ) excretion; however, these putative ammonia transporters have not been previously localized or functionally characterized. In this study, we show that the AeRh50s co-immunolocalize with apical V-type H + -ATPase as well as with basal Na + /K + -ATPase in the epithelium of anal papillae. The doublestranded RNA-mediated knockdown of AeRh50-1 and AeRh50-2 resulted in a significant reduction in AeRh50 protein abundance in the anal papillae, and this was coupled to decreased ammonia excretion. The knockdown of AeRh50-1 resulted in decreased hemolymph [NH 4 + ] and pH whereas knockdown of AeRh50-2 had no effect on these parameters. We conclude that the AeRh50s are important contributors to ammonia excretion at the anal papillae of larval A. aegypti, which may be the basis for their ability to inhabit areas with high ammonia levels.

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Section: Aerh50mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Model Of Ammonia Excretion By Anal Papillaementioning

confidence: 99%

Aedes aegypti Rhesus glycoproteins contribute to ammonia excretion by larval anal papillae

Durant

Chasiotis

Misyura

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…According to Pirestani et al (2009) and Peng et al (2013), fish flesh usually contains from 18 to even 24% of crude proteins, which could explain a significant increase in the ammonia excretion rate in fed crabs as compared to starved ones. R. harrisii belongs to ammonotelic organisms which excrete mainly soluble ammonia as a deamination product and only small proportion of other nitrogenous wastes like urea or free amino acids (Regnault 1987, Chen & Kou 1996, Weihrauch et al 2009). According to Lucas (1993), Radford et al (2004) and Rosas et al (2007), an increase in the metabolic rate is observed when ingested materials are biochemically processed and then transformed into new molecules, used in further physiological and biochemical traits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of temperature on physiology and bioenergetics of adult Harris mud crab Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Gould, 1841) from the southern Baltic Sea

Hegele-Drywa

Normant

2014

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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Rates of physiological processes and bioenergetics of the Harris mud crab Rhithropanopeus harrisii were determined during a 7-day experiment on adult males (mean wet weight 0.83 ± 0.16 g) exposed to temperatures of 15ºC and 20ºC (S = 7). The results show that the change in temperature by 5ºC caused detectable changes in locomotor activity, food consumption and faeces production and significant (p < 0.05) changes in metabolic rates. Food assimilation efficiency and the ammonia excretion rate did not change significantly (p > 0.05). The energy expended on metabolic processes was similar at both temperatures (15ºC and 20ºC) and amounted to 17.7 ± 6.4% and 16.7 ± 4.3% of the assimilated energy, respectively. Similar values were obtained for net production efficiency K2 (P/A) at 15ºC and 20ºC, i.e. 80.4 ± 22.4% and 82.9 ± 9.7%, respectively. The amount of energy available for production was 2-fold higher at a temperature of 20ºC than at 15ºC and amounted to 103.69 ± 25.61 and 206.40 ± 20.76 J d -1 g -1 wet wt, respectively. The results show that from the bioenergetic point of view, higher experimental temperature is more "profitable" for adult R. harrisii specimens because it provides better conditions for the growth and reproduction.

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“…In this context, the coupling of NH 4 C excretion and proton secretion could represent a fundamental pathway to directly excrete protons from extracellular fluids in marine invertebrates. 12,29,112,120,121 This hypothesis is supported by the fact that a range of marine species including molluscs, 121 echinoderms 30,31 and crustaceans 29 increase NH 4 C excretion rates in response to acidified conditions. Recently established perfusion techniques using isolated gills of octopus represent a technical breakthrough to study pH regulation (e.g., proton transport rates v.s.…”

Section: Role Of Ion Regulatory Epithelia During Acclimation To Envirmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…[106][107][108][109] Just lately Rh proteins were also found and characterized in a range of invertebrates including crustaceans and insects. [110][111][112] Also in cephalopods one Rh-protein (RhP) has been identified, which has the highest degree of identity to RhPs cloned from the decapod crustaceans Carcinus maenas (50%) and Metacarcinus magister (56 %). Phylogenetic analyses based on amino acid identities demonstrated that the invertebrate specific RhP1-clade clearly separates from vertebrate Rh proteins including RhBG, RhCG, RhAG clades as well as RhP2 and Rh30 clades.…”

Section: The Ph Regulatory Machinerymentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in understanding trans-epithelial acid-base regulation and excretion mechanisms in cephalopods

Hwang

Tseng

2015

Tissue Barriers

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Cephalopods have evolved complex sensory systems and an active lifestyle to compete with fish for similar resources in the marine environment. Their highly active lifestyle and their extensive protein metabolism has led to substantial acid-base regulatory abilities enabling these organisms to cope with CO 2 induced acid-base disturbances. In convergence to teleost, cephalopods possess an ontogeny-dependent shift in ion-regulatory epithelia with epidermal ionocytes being the major site of embryonic acid-base regulation and ammonia excretion, while gill epithelia take these functions in adults. Although the basic morphology and excretory function of gill epithelia in cephalopods were outlined almost half a century ago, modern immunohistological and molecular techniques are bringing new insights to the mechanistic basis of acidbase regulation and excretion of nitrogenous waste products (e.g. NH 3 /NH 4 C ) across ion regulatory epithelia of cephalopods. Using cephalopods as an invertebrate model, recent findings reveal partly conserved mechanisms but also novel aspects of acid-base regulation and nitrogen excretion in these exclusively marine animals. Comparative studies using a range of marine invertebrates will create a novel and exciting research direction addressing the evolution of pH regulatory and excretory systems.

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Ammonia and urea transporters in gills of fish and aquatic crustaceans

Cited by 81 publications

References 0 publications

Aedes aegypti Rhesus glycoproteins contribute to ammonia excretion by larval anal papillae

Aedes aegypti Rhesus glycoproteins contribute to ammonia excretion by larval anal papillae

Effect of temperature on physiology and bioenergetics of adult Harris mud crab Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Gould, 1841) from the southern Baltic Sea

Recent advances in understanding trans-epithelial acid-base regulation and excretion mechanisms in cephalopods

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