Ammonia as a hydrogen energy carrier

Pathway toward cost-effective green hydrogen production by solid oxide electrolyzer

“…2,3 Many potential application scenarios exist, especially those sensitive to weight and volume. Green hydrogen produced from renewable energy is garnering attention as an energy carrier or feedstock for transportation (marine fuel, 4 heavy truck 5 ), industry (steel making 6 ), and agriculture (ammonia synthesis 7 ). However, because of the fluctuation of Variable Renewable Energy (VRE) and the uncertainty of electric prices, it is challenging to produce hydrogen at a competitive cost.…”

Coral-like Fe-doped MoO2/C heterostructures with rich oxygen vacancies for efficient electrocatalytic N2 reduction

“…Ammonia (NH 3 ), as one of the most important chemicals in the development of modern society, plays an essential role in agriculture, pharmacy, plastics, synthetic fiber and other industries. [1][2][3][4] At present, NH 3 is mainly produced through the traditional Haber Bosch method with nitrogen and hydrogen. From the viewpoint of sustainable development, this method still has many problems, such as drastic reaction conditions (high temperatures of 400-600 °C and high pressures of 20-40 MPa), high energy consumption (1.5% of the global annual energy) and massive carbon dioxide emission (1.9 tons of CO 2 per ton of NH 3 produced).…”

Towards Higher NH3 Faradaic Efficiency: Selective‐Poisoning of HER Active Sites by Co‐Feeding CO in NO Electroreduction**

“…The annual production of synthetic ammonia in 2021 is over 230 million tons, of which about 80 % is applied to chemical fertilizers [1] . NH 3 has also gained great global interest in its use as hydrogen carrier and thus a chemical fuel [2] . Currently, ammonia is mainly synthesized by the Haber‐Bosch process in which atmospheric nitrogen reacts with hydrogen at high temperatures (400–500 °C) and high pressure (200–300 atm) [3] .…”

“…[1] NH 3 has also gained great global interest in its use as hydrogen carrier and thus a chemical fuel. [2] Currently, ammonia is mainly synthesized by the Haber-Bosch process in which atmospheric nitrogen reacts with hydrogen at high temperatures (400-500 °C) and high pressure (200-300 atm). [3] This widely employed process is energy intensive and causes massive CO 2 emissions mainly due to the hydrogen source commonly derived from natural gas.…”