Ammonia as an effective hydrogen carrier and a clean fuel for solid oxide fuel cells

Wan, Zhijian; Tao, Youkun; Shao, Jing; Zhang, Yinghui; You, Hengzhi

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2020.113729

Cited by 314 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 179 publications

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“…Due to the widespread use of NH 3 in chemical applications, a good amount of knowledge is available for both its chemical properties and potential hazards. In detail, NH 3 is flammable but with a high ignition temperature [115], and as such, its vapours are not considered as a fire hazard [116]. Upon ignition, NH 3 vapours can also result into explosions in concentrations between 15% and 28%.…”

Section: Ammonia Fuel Cells Safety In Shippingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review on the Safe Use of Ammonia Fuel Cells in the Maritime Industry

et al. 2021

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In April 2018, the International Maritime Organisation adopted an ambitious plan to contribute to the global efforts to reduce the Greenhouse Gas emissions, as set by the Paris Agreement, by targeting a 50% reduction in shipping’s Green House Gas emissions by 2050, benchmarked to 2008 levels. To meet these challenging goals, the maritime industry must introduce environmentally friendly fuels with negligible, or low SOX, NOX and CO2 emissions. Ammonia use in maritime applications is considered promising, due to its high energy density, low flammability, easy storage and low production cost. Moreover, ammonia can be used as fuel in a variety of propulsors such as fuel cells and can be produced from renewable sources. As a result, ammonia can be used as a versatile marine fuel, exploiting the existing infrastructure, and having zero SOX and CO2 emissions. However, there are several challenges to overcome for ammonia to become a compelling fuel towards the decarbonisation of shipping. Such factors include the selection of the appropriate ammonia-fuelled power generator, the selection of the appropriate system safety assessment tool, and mitigating measures to address the hazards of ammonia. This paper discusses the state-of-the-art of ammonia fuelled fuel cells for marine applications and presents their potential, and challenges.

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Section: Ammonia Fuel Cells Safety In Shippingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Details of experiments performed are discussed in [18]. In general, the fatal accidents caused by ammonia are very few [116]. More specifically, ship accidents were investigated using the Sea-Web database (IHS Markit) and 'ammonia' as a keyword.…”

Section: Ammonia Fuel Cells Safety In Shippingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on the Safe Use of Ammonia Fuel Cells in the Maritime Industry

et al. 2021

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“…[20] 문헌에 따르면 Ru 촉매에 alkali 또 는 alkali-earth 금속 같은 강염기성 원소를 첨가한 경 우 암모니아 분해반응이 향상되었으며, 이는 염기성 첨 가제를 통해 전자 공여가 원활해져 질소의 탈착이 촉진 되었기 때문이라고 설명하였다. [17][18][19][20][21][23][24][25] 또한 희토류 타났다. [25] 한편 Meng 등은 [40] Ni-YSZ 대신 Ni-SDC 연료극과 SDC 전해질 및 BSCF(Sr and Fe-doped 암모니아 분해 성능은 촉매 입자의 크기와 형태 변화 에 따라 달라진다고 한다.…”

Section: Ceramistunclassified

Development of Ammonia Fueled Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Hong¹,

Lee²,

Joh³

et al. 2021

Ceramist

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Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) can generate electricity through an electrochemical conversion of the chemical energy of fuels including hydrogen, hydrocarbons, and biogas because of high operation temperatures. Ammonia has recently been considered as a promising hydrogen carrier that is relatively convenient to store and transport and can be decomposed into hydrogen and nitrogen with no carbon emission via catalytic cracking. Thus, much effort has been made to utilize ammonia as a clean fuel to SOFCs for power generation at high efficiency. This review is aiming at delivering the current progress of developing high temperature ceramic fuel cells fed with ammonia, particularly more focused on the achievements of a direct ammonia fueled SOFC (DA-SOFC) to shed light on the challenges of degrading the performance and durability. The problems are primarily attributed to a lack of rational catalysts, thermal imbalance, and the evolution of nitrides on the components including the Ni based anode, Ni mesh as current collector, and stainless steels of metallic interconnect that are exposed to the ammonia fuel environment incurring microstructural deformations and electrical and electrochemical deteriorations. Lastly, strategic pathways to overcome the inadequate performance and the instability are suggested to accomplish a commercialization of DA-SOFCs.

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“…Therefore, it is necessary to develop a material that can act as a carrier for hydrogen, and ammonia has been considered the most appropriate material [43][44][45]. There are also a number of studies comparing the transport mediums of hydrogen [46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53]. Hydrogen can be produced by cracking ammonia; however, ammonia itself is a combustible material with a calorific value and can be used as a fuel in a thermal system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Ammonia Combustion Technology in Thermal Power Generation System for Carbon Emission Reduction

Lee

2021

Energies

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With the formation of an international carbon-neutral framework, interest in reducing greenhouse gas emissions is increasing. Ammonia is a carbon-free fuel that can be directly combusted with the role of an effective hydrogen energy carrier, and its application range is expanding. In particular, as research results applied to power generation systems such as gas turbines and coal-fired power plants have been reported, the technology to use them is gradually being advanced. In the present study, starting with a fundamental combustion research case conducted to use ammonia as a fuel, the application research case for gas turbines and coal-fired power plants was analyzed. Finally, we report the results of the ammonia-air burning flame and pulverized coal-ammonia-air co-fired research conducted at the authors’ research institute.

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Ammonia as an effective hydrogen carrier and a clean fuel for solid oxide fuel cells

Cited by 314 publications

References 179 publications

Review on the Safe Use of Ammonia Fuel Cells in the Maritime Industry

Review on the Safe Use of Ammonia Fuel Cells in the Maritime Industry

Development of Ammonia Fueled Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Recent Advances in Ammonia Combustion Technology in Thermal Power Generation System for Carbon Emission Reduction

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