Ammonia Decomposition Enhancement by Cs-Promoted Fe/Al2O3 Catalysts

Parker, Luke; Carter, James; Dummer, Nicholas F.; Richards, Nia; Morgan, David; Golunski, Stanislaw E.

doi:10.1007/s10562-020-03247-3

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Research and development of catalysts are done on precious metals, bimetallic materials, and metal oxides [38][39][40][41][42]. The bimetallic compound is proven to improve catalytic performance even though the manufacturing is complicated.…”

Section: Nh 3 Decompositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Direct Reduction of Iron Ore with Hydrogen

Zhang

Nie

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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The steel industry represents about 7% of the world’s anthropogenic CO2 emissions due to the high use of fossil fuels. The CO2-lean direct reduction of iron ore with hydrogen is considered to offer a high potential to reduce CO2 emissions, and this direct reduction of Fe2O3 powder is investigated in this research. The H2 reduction reaction kinetics and fluidization characteristics of fine and cohesive Fe2O3 particles were examined in a vibrated fluidized bed reactor. A smooth bubbling fluidization was achieved. An increase in external force due to vibration slightly increased the pressure drop. The minimum fluidization velocity was nearly independent of the operating temperature. The yield of the direct H2-driven reduction was examined and found to exceed 90%, with a maximum of 98% under the vibration of ~47 Hz with an amplitude of 0.6 mm, and operating temperatures close to 500 °C. Towards the future of direct steel ore reduction, cheap and “green” hydrogen sources need to be developed. H2 can be formed through various techniques with the catalytic decomposition of NH3 (and CH4), methanol and ethanol offering an important potential towards production cost, yield and environmental CO2 emission reductions.

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Section: Nh 3 Decompositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Direct Reduction of Iron Ore with Hydrogen

Zhang

Nie

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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“…In addition, both Pb 4f 7/2 (137.3 eV) and Pb 4f 5/2 (142.1 eV) peaks in PbPA-CsPbBr 3 are much closer to those in PbPA, suggesting the Pb atoms in PbPA-CsPbBr 3 originate from the PbPA framework instead of the residual Pb 2+ (Figure d) . A slight shift toward low binding energies for both Pb 4f and the adjacent P 2s after the conversion indicates the redistribution of electron density around the Pb and P atoms after the in situ perovskite formation (Figure e). , The ratio of CsPbBr 3 in the final PbPA-CsPbBr 3 was further estimated by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) analysis (Figure S5). The molar ratio of Cs:Pb in CsPbBr 3 is 1:1, illustrating the reliability of this measurement .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…30 A slight shift toward low binding energies for both Pb 4f and the adjacent P 2s after the conversion indicates the redistribution of electron density around the Pb and P atoms after the in situ perovskite formation (Figure 1e). 31,32 The ratio of CsPbBr 3 in the final PbPA-CsPbBr 3 was further estimated by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) analysis (Figure S5). The molar ratio of Cs:Pb in CsPbBr 3 is 1:1, illustrating the reliability of this measurement.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Bifunctional Photoelectric Integrated Cathode for Solar Energy Conversion and Storage

Pan,

Yuan,

et al. 2023

ACS Nano

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The integrated photoelectric battery serves as a compact and energy-efficient form for direct conversion and storage of solar energy compared to the traditional isolated PVbattery systems. However, combining efficient light harvesting and electrochemical energy storage into a single material is a great challenge. Here, a bifunctional lead phytate−cesium lead bromide (PbPA-CsPbBr 3 ) cathode is explored for the solidstate batteries in terms of CsPbBr 3 in situ grown on the PbPA framework. Specifically, CsPbBr 3 nanocrystals generate electron−hole pairs under sunlight, the holes contribute to the lithium desorption of the discharged PbPA, and the electrons participate in the formation of the cathode interfacial film through oxygen reduction. The obtained solid-state photoelectric lithium-metal battery achieved a photoconversion efficiency of 0.72%, outperforming other systems under the same lighting conditions. The reasonable cathode design and its application in integrated solid-state batteries provide an efficient way for solar energy utilization.

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“…According to the results of XPS, FTIR, and TGA, it could be concluded that there were abundant OH groups over the Cs-doped catalysts. These OH groups might be generated by the deliquescence of Cs 2 O 2 and would occupy the active sites to decrease catalytic activity on N 2 O decomposition. , The weight loss above 700 °C was attributed to the loss of bulk lattice oxygen of Co 3 O 4 , and the theoretical weight loss from Co 3 O 4 to CoO should be approximately 6.6%. It was observed that 4Cs/Co 3 O 4 catalysts have only 4.9% weight loss due to the improved thermal stability of the Cs–O–Co structure.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boosting N₂O Decomposition by Fabricating the Cs–O–Co Structure over Co₃O₄ with Single-Layer Atoms of Cs

Gong,

Liu,

et al. 2023

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Developing effective catalysts for N 2 O decomposition at low temperatures is challenging. Herein, the Cs−O−Co structure, as the active species fabricated by single-layer atoms of Cs over pure Co 3 O 4 , originally exhibited great catalytic activity of N 2 O decomposition in simulated vehicle exhaust and flue gas from nitric acid plants. A similar catalytic performance was also observed for Na, K, and Rb alkali metals over Co 3 O 4 catalysts for N 2 O decomposition, illustrating the prevalence of alkali-metal-promotion over Co 3 O 4 in practical applications. The catalytic results indicated that the TOF of Co 3 O 4 catalysts loaded by 4 wt% Cs was nearly 2 orders of magnitude higher than that of pure Co 3 O 4 catalysts at 300 °C. Interestingly, the conversions of N 2 O decomposition over Co 3 O 4 catalysts doped by the same Cs loadings were significantly inhibited. Characterization results indicated that the primary active Cs−O−Co structure was formed by highly orbital hybridization between the Cs 6s and the O 2p orbital over the supported Co 3 O 4 catalysts, where Cs could donate electrons to Co 3+ and produce much more Co 2+ . In contrast, the doped Co 3 O 4 catalysts were dominated by Cs 2 O 2 species; meanwhile, CsOH species was generated by adsorbed water vapor led to a significant decrease in catalytic activity. In situ DRIFTS, rigorous kinetics, and DFT results elaborated the reaction mechanism of N 2 O decomposition, where the direct decomposition of adsorbed N 2 O was the kinetically relevant step over supported catalysts in the absence of O 2 . Meanwhile, the assistance of adsorbed N 2 O decomposition by activated oxygen was observed as the kinetically relevant step in the presence of O 2 . The results may pave a promising path toward developing alkali-metal-promotion catalysts for efficient N 2 O decomposition.

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Ammonia Decomposition Enhancement by Cs-Promoted Fe/Al2O3 Catalysts

Cited by 17 publications

References 28 publications

The Direct Reduction of Iron Ore with Hydrogen

The Direct Reduction of Iron Ore with Hydrogen

Efficient Bifunctional Photoelectric Integrated Cathode for Solar Energy Conversion and Storage

Boosting N₂O Decomposition by Fabricating the Cs–O–Co Structure over Co₃O₄ with Single-Layer Atoms of Cs

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Ammonia Decomposition Enhancement by Cs-Promoted Fe/Al2O3 Catalysts

Cited by 17 publications

References 28 publications

The Direct Reduction of Iron Ore with Hydrogen

The Direct Reduction of Iron Ore with Hydrogen

Efficient Bifunctional Photoelectric Integrated Cathode for Solar Energy Conversion and Storage

Boosting N2O Decomposition by Fabricating the Cs–O–Co Structure over Co3O4 with Single-Layer Atoms of Cs

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Boosting N₂O Decomposition by Fabricating the Cs–O–Co Structure over Co₃O₄ with Single-Layer Atoms of Cs