Ammonia emission and deposition of NHx in the G.D.R.

Möller, Detlev; Schieferdecker, H.

doi:10.1016/0004-6981(89)90145-5

Cited by 37 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Over time, microbes transform urea in urine and feces to NH 3 ; 104 hence, diapers and unflushed toilets also are NH 3 sources. As reported in Lee and Longhurst, 105 early estimates of human emission rates included 540 gNH 3 ‐N y −1 person −1 (75 mgNH 3 h −1 ) 106 ; 250 gNH 3 ‐N y −1 person −1 (35 mgNH 3 h −1 ) 91,107 ; and 1300 gNH 3 ‐N y −1 person −1 (180 mgNH 3 h −1 ) 108 …”

Section: Acids and Basesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Indoor acids and bases

2020

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Numerous acids and bases influence indoor air quality. The most abundant of these species are CO2 (acidic) and NH3 (basic), both emitted by building occupants. Other prominent inorganic acids are HNO3, HONO, SO2, H2SO4, HCl, and HOCl. Prominent organic acids include formic, acetic, and lactic; nicotine is a noteworthy organic base. Sources of N‐, S‐, and Cl‐containing acids can include ventilation from outdoors, indoor combustion, consumer product use, and chemical reactions. Organic acids are commonly more abundant indoors than outdoors, with indoor sources including occupants, wood, and cooking. Beyond NH3 and nicotine, other noteworthy bases include inorganic and organic amines. Acids and bases partition indoors among the gas‐phase, airborne particles, bulk water, and surfaces; relevant thermodynamic parameters governing the partitioning are the acid‐dissociation constant (Ka), Henry's law constant (KH), and the octanol‐air partition coefficient (Koa). Condensed‐phase water strongly influences the fate of indoor acids and bases and is also a medium for chemical interactions. Indoor surfaces can be large reservoirs of acids and bases. This extensive review of the state of knowledge establishes a foundation for future inquiry to better understand how acids and bases influence the suitability of indoor environments for occupants, cultural artifacts, and sensitive equipment.

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Section: Acids and Basesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Indoor acids and bases

2020

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“…The amount of human waste used for spreading was obtained based on the daily excrement of children and adults, the rural population and the fraction of tatty latrines in each province [ NBSC , 2007a, 2007d]. The EFs were the average of several publications [ Buijsman et al , 1987; Möller and Schieferdecker , 1989; Yin et al , 2010], which are listed in Table 4.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A high‐resolution ammonia emission inventory in China

Huang

Song

et al. 2012

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

482

442

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[1] The existence of gas-phase ammonia (NH 3 ) in the atmosphere and its interaction with other trace chemical species could have a substantial impact on tropospheric chemistry and global climate change. China is a large agricultural country with an enormous animal population, tremendous nitrogen fertilizer consumption and, consequently, a large emission of NH 3 . Despite the importance of NH 3 in the global nitrogen (N) cycle, considerable inaccuracies and uncertainty exist regarding its emission in China. In this study, a comprehensive NH 3 emission inventory was compiled for China on a 1 km Â 1 km grid, which is suitable for input to atmospheric models. We attempted to estimate NH 3 emissions accurately by taking into consideration as many native experiment results as possible and parameterizing the emission factors (EFs) by the ambient temperature, soil acidity and other factors. The total NH 3 emission in China was approximately 9.8 Tg in 2006. The emission sources considered included livestock excreta (5.3 Tg), fertilizer application (3.2 Tg), agricultural soil (0.2 Tg), nitrogen-fixing plants (0.05 Tg), crop residue compost (0.3 Tg), biomass burning (0.1 Tg), urine from rural populations (0.2 Tg), chemical industry (0.2 Tg), waste disposal (0.1 Tg) and traffic (0.1 Tg). The regions with the highest emission rates are located in Central and Southwest China. Seasonally, the peak ammonia emissions occur in spring and summer.

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“…In Germany, a mean N deposition rate of 30 kg N ha −1 yr −1 is reported (Eichhorn, 1995;Isermann and Isermann, 1995). Main N emission sources are livestock farming, road traffic and combustion (Möller and Schieferdecker, 1989;Isermann and Isermann, 1999;UBA, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies of Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition in a Mire of the German National Park Hochharz Mountains Using Two Different Methods

Böhlmann

Meißner

Bernsdorf

et al. 2005

Water Air Soil Pollut

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The purpose of this study was to determine the nitrogen (N) deposition in a mire of the German National Park Hochharz Mountains in regard to different input pathways of open area and forest stand deposition. High N deposition rates strongly affect the development and growth of mires in general. For determination of the open area N deposition two methods were applied: the bulk deposition method and the Integral Total Nitrogen Input (ITNI) method. This method is based on the 15 N isotope dilution technique and was adapted at this study to evaluate its applicability for natural ecosystems as well as to compare with the traditional bulk method. The forest stand deposition included canopy throughfall, stemflow and fog was measured by means of bulk collectors. On the test site, bulk deposition measurements showed an input of 27 kg N ha −1 yr −1 in the open area and 47 kg N ha −1 yr −1 in the forest stand. The higher N input in the forest stand is caused by interception of fog by the canopy. N concentrations in fog were up to more than six times higher than in rain. The ITNI system yielded a total N deposition of 30 kg N ha −1 yr −1 on average in the open area. The small differences between the two simultaneously applied measuring techniques were caused by a minimum biomass development of the autochthonous plant Calamagrostis villosa in the ITNI system. With increasing biomass production the influence of plants on the atmospheric N input also increased. It can be concluded that the ITNI system is beneficial for the application in a natural ecosystem when using more robust and biomass producing plants. The measured atmospheric N deposition exceeds the critical load for nutrient poor mires and represents therefore a potential risk for the continuity of this ecosystem.

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Ammonia emission and deposition of NHx in the G.D.R.

Cited by 37 publications

References 6 publications

Indoor acids and bases

Indoor acids and bases

A high‐resolution ammonia emission inventory in China

Studies of Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition in a Mire of the German National Park Hochharz Mountains Using Two Different Methods

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