Ammonia emission and performance of laying hens as affected by different dosages of Yucca schidigera in the diet

Research and demonstration to improve air quality for the U.S. animal feeding operations in the 21st century – A critical review

“…• Effect of diets (e.g., Spiehs and Varel, 2009;Chepete et al, 2012). • Effect of barn structures (e.g., Lobeck et al, 2012).…”

Effects of Yucca schidigera on gas mitigation in livestock production: A review

“…However, in another experiment, the supplementation of 100 ppm of YSE and Quillaja saponaria was added in a corn-soybean control diet, and ammonia emission of broiler chicken litters was not altered compared with control in the 42 days experimental period 51 . When YSE was applied to laying-hens, 100 ppm inclusion in diets significantly reduced ammonia emission by 44% and 28% for the first two days of manure storage 52 . However, an experiment showed that ammonia N concentrations and microorganism levels of litter materials (half was wood shavings, the other was rice hull) among examined groups did not show statistical difference when pulverized YSE was applied to different litter materials at the level of 0, 4% and 8% 53 .…”

“…Moisture concentration in manure, which can be changed by YSE 52 , is linked to the transformation of decomposition of uric acid directly 76 . But these conversions (solid urea dissolution and urea hydrolysis) need to be finished prior to ammonia emission 77 .…”

“…But these conversions (solid urea dissolution and urea hydrolysis) need to be finished prior to ammonia emission 77 . Higher pH levels (above 7.0) which can be observed with YSE inclusion 52 , is favorable for ammonia release since ammonia is a major form of gas emitted under this condition [78][79][80] . Factors such as different collection time correspond with varying degrees of manure moisture 52 , which need to be noticed to minimize the inaccuracy of experiment as well.…”

“…Higher pH levels (above 7.0) which can be observed with YSE inclusion 52 , is favorable for ammonia release since ammonia is a major form of gas emitted under this condition [78][79][80] . Factors such as different collection time correspond with varying degrees of manure moisture 52 , which need to be noticed to minimize the inaccuracy of experiment as well. Onbasilar et al 53 attributed the lack of effect in the experiment to exactly relatively low moisture and pH levels.…”