Ammonia emission from rice leaves in relation to photorespiration and genotypic differences in glutamine synthetase activity

Kumagai, Etsushi; Araki, Toshimitsu; Hamaoka, Norimitsu; Ueno, Osamu

doi:10.1093/aob/mcr245

Cited by 53 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In two rice cultivars with different GS2 activities, the ability to recycle and reassimilate NH 3 within the plant was better in the cultivar with high GS activity (Akenohoshi) than that of the cultivar with low GS activity (Kasalath), because less NH 3 is lost to the environment (Kumagai et al, 2011). These data suggest that a diversity of tools must be considered to analyze the effects of assimilative enzymes on NUE and that the reduced NH 3 emission in crops is an additional target trait to improve NUE.…”

Section: Potential Target Genes From the Gs-gogat Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotechnology of nutrient uptake and assimilation in plants

et al. 2013

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Plants require a complex balance of mineral nutrients to reproduce successfully. Because the availability of many of these nutrients in the soil is compromised by several factors, such as soil pH, cation presence, and microbial activity, crop plants depend directly on nutrients applied as fertilizers to achieve high yields. However, the excessive use of fertilizers is a major environmental concern due to nutrient leaching that causes water eutrophication and promotes toxic algae blooms. This situation generates the urgent need for crop plants with increased nutrient use efficiency and better-designed fertilization schemes. The plant biology revolution triggered by the development of efficient gene transfer systems for plant cells together with the more recent development of next-generation DNA and RNA sequencing and other omics platforms have advanced considerably our understanding on the molecular basis of plant nutrition and how plants respond to nutritional stress. To date, genes encoding sensors, transcription factors, transporters, and metabolic enzymes have been identified as potential candidates to improve nutrient use efficiency. In addition, the study of other genetic resources, such as bacteria and fungi, allows the identification of alternative mechanisms of nutrient assimilation, which are potentially applicable in plants. Although significant progress in this respect has been achieved by conventional breeding, in this review we focus on the biotechnological approaches reported to date aimed at boosting the use of the three most limiting nutrients in the majority of arable lands: nitrogen, phosphorus, and iron.

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Section: Potential Target Genes From the Gs-gogat Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biotechnology of nutrient uptake and assimilation in plants

et al. 2013

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“…The Ser is ultimately converted back to PGA (Tolbert, 1997). CO 2 and NH 3 are gasses that can escape to the atmosphere (Sharkey, 1988;Kumagai et al, 2011), and the loss of carbon and nitrogen essential for biomass accumulation will decrease the efficiency of photosynthesis and plant growth (Zhu et al, 2010). Fortunately, both substances are partially reassimilated in the chloroplast, but this results in decreased photosynthetic energy efficiency.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Benefits of Photorespiratory Bypasses: How Can They Work?

et al. 2014

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Bypassing the photorespiratory pathway is regarded as a way to increase carbon assimilation and, correspondingly, biomass production in C 3 crops. Here, the benefits of three published photorespiratory bypass strategies are systemically explored using a systems-modeling approach. Our analysis shows that full decarboxylation of glycolate during photorespiration would decrease photosynthesis, because a large amount of the released CO 2 escapes back to the atmosphere. Furthermore, we show that photosynthesis can be enhanced by lowering the energy demands of photorespiration and by relocating photorespiratory CO 2 release into the chloroplasts. The conductance of the chloroplast membranes to CO 2 is a key feature determining the benefit of the relocation of photorespiratory CO 2 release. Although our results indicate that the benefit of photorespiratory bypasses can be improved by increasing sedoheptulose bisphosphatase activity and/or increasing the flux through the bypass, the effectiveness of such approaches depends on the complex regulation between photorespiration and other metabolic pathways.

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“…Since Akenohoshi's release in 1982, a large number of genetic and physiological studies about its high yielding performance were carried out [7,8,[39][40][41][42][43]. Judging from these experimental data, it was suggested that hydraulic conductance is a major determinant of the high yield of this cultivar.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of QTL for exudation rate at ripening stage in rice and its contribution to hydraulic conductance

Yamamoto

Suzuki

et al. 2016

Plant Science

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Dry matter production of crops is determined by how much light they intercept and how efficiently they use it for carbon fixation; i.e., photosynthesis. The high-yielding rice cultivar, Akenohoshi, maintains a high photosynthetic rate in the middle of the day owing to its high hydraulic conductance in comparison with the elite commercial rice cultivar, Koshihikari. We developed 94 recombinant inbred lines derived from Akenohoshi and Koshihikari and measured their exudation rate to calculate hydraulic conductance to osmotic water transport in a paddy field. A quantitative trait locus (QTL) for exudation rate was detected on the long arm of chromosome 2 at the heading and ripening stages. We developed chromosome segment substitution lines which carried Akenohoshi segments in the Koshihikari genetic background, and measured hydraulic conductance to both osmotic and passive water transport. The QTL was confirmed to be located within a region of about 4.2Mbp on the distal end of long arm of chromosome 2. The Akenohoshi allele increased root surface area and hydraulic conductance, but didn't increase hydraulic conductivity of a plant.

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Ammonia emission from rice leaves in relation to photorespiration and genotypic differences in glutamine synthetase activity

Cited by 53 publications

References 31 publications

Biotechnology of nutrient uptake and assimilation in plants

Biotechnology of nutrient uptake and assimilation in plants

The Benefits of Photorespiratory Bypasses: How Can They Work?

Detection of QTL for exudation rate at ripening stage in rice and its contribution to hydraulic conductance

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