Ammonia emissions from a representative in-use fleet of light and medium-duty vehicles in the California South Coast Air Basin

Livingston, Cody; Rieger, Paul; Winer, Arthur

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.04.009

Cited by 119 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…As a result of NH 3 production from NO x control mechanisms, urban areas may represent more important NH 3 emissions source areas for downwind ecosystems than commonly recognized, particularly as urbanization continues to expand its footprint. Livingston et al (2009) argue that broad scale emissions inventories of NH 3 "fail to take into account the spatial distribution of ammonia emissions and the potential for relatively high emissions from mobile sources in dense, highly urbanized airsheds".…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-road emissions of ammonia: An underappreciated source of atmospheric nitrogen deposition

Fenn

Bytnerowicz

Schilling

et al. 2018

Science of The Total Environment

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H I G H L I G H T S• This study documents the increasing importance of on-road emissions of NH 3.• NO x emissions control mechanisms frequently result in NH 3 production and emissions.• NH 3 is an important driver of N deposition in urban-affected areas and near roadways.• NH 4 -N:NO 3 -N ratios in urban deposition are indicative of elevated NH 3 emissions.• On-road NH 3 emissions exceed agricultural emissions where 40% of the U.S. resides. We provide updated spatial distribution and inventory data for on-road NH 3 emissions for the continental United States (U.S.) On-road NH 3 emissions were determined from on-road CO 2 emissions data and empirical NH 3 :CO 2 vehicle emissions ratios. Emissions of NH 3 from on-road sources in urbanized regions are typically 0.1-1.3 t km −2 yr −1 while NH 3 emissions in agricultural regions generally range from 0.4-5.5 t km G R A P H I C A L A B S T R A C T a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o, with a few hotspots as high as 5.5-11.2 t km −2 yr −1. Counties with higher vehicle NH 3 emissions than from agriculture include 40% of the U.S. population. The amount of wet inorganic N deposition as NH 4 + from the National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) network ranged from 37 to 83% with a mean of 58.7%. Only 4% of the NADP sites across the U.S. had b45% of the N deposition as NH 4 + based on data from 2014 to 2016, illustrating the near-universal elevated proportions of NH 4 + in deposition across the U.S. Case studies of on-road NH 3 emissions in relation to N deposition include four urban sites in Oregon and Washington where the average NH 4 -N:NO 3 -N ratio in bulk deposition was 2.3. At urban sites in the greater Los Angeles Basin, bulk deposition of NH 4 -N and NO 3 -N were equivalent, while NH 4 -N:NO 3 -N in throughfall under shrubs ranged from 0.6 to 1.7. The NH 4 -N:NO 3 -N ratio at 7-10 sites in the Lake Tahoe Basin averaged 1.4 and 1.6 in bulk deposition and throughfall, and deposition of NH 4 -N was strongly correlated with summertime NH 3 concentrations. On-road

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-road emissions of ammonia: An underappreciated source of atmospheric nitrogen deposition

Fenn

Bytnerowicz

Schilling

et al. 2018

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Ammonia (NH 3 ) is found naturally in ambient air, as well as emitted from anthropogenic sources, and plays a role in atmospheric chemistry. It has many sources, including agriculture, fossil fuel combustion, industrial emissions and biochemical processes in natural soils.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[5][6][7] Close to the source, NH 3 is deposited onto vegetation, soil and water, and consequently may both modify acidity and increase the availability of nitrogen, which can lead to eutrophication of surface waters. 8 NH 3 is considered an important pollutant due to its role as a precursor in fine particulate matter formation, in the formation of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N 2 O), and in the nitrogen balance of ecosystems. [9][10][11] The fine particulates formed in the atmosphere due to acid-base reactions of ammonia with acidic sulfur-and nitrogen-containing gases are responsible for long-range transport of nitrogen and sulfur.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has many sources, including agriculture, fossil fuel combustion, industrial emissions and biochemical processes in natural soils. [1][2][3][4] Food production is a significant source of ammonia, with emissions occurring due to application of fertilizer or manure to soils and volatilization from animal waste. [5][6][7] Close to the source, NH 3 is deposited onto vegetation, soil and water, and consequently may both modify acidity and increase the availability of nitrogen, which can lead to eutrophication of surface waters.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A method for determination of ammonia in air using oxalic acid-impregnated cellulose filters and fluorimetric detection

Felix¹,

Cardoso²

2012

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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Um método fluorimétrico foi adaptado para determinação de amônia no ar ambiente. A coleta da amostra foi feita em filtros de celulose impregnados com ácido oxálico, seguida pela solubilização do íon amônio, adição dos reagentes e determinação fluorimétrica. Alguns parâmetros analíticos importantes foram avaliados, tais como tempo e vazão de amostragem. Formaldeído, dietilamina e sulfeto de hidrogênio não interferiram no método. A curva analítica apresentou linearidade até pelo menos 34 ppbv, em vazão e tempo de amostragem respectivos de 0,3 L min -1 e 20 min. Nestas condições, o limite de detecção alcançado foi de 3 ppbv. O método proposto aqui apresentou resultados similares ao método colorimétrico do indofenol, porém necessitou de um tempo de amostragem menor. Mostrou ser de fácil aplicação, sendo útil para medir baixas concentrações de amônia e possíveis flutuações na sua concentração em intervalos de tempo curtos, como 20 min.A fluorimetric method was developed for the determination of ammonia in ambient air. Samples were collected using cellulose filters impregnated with oxalic acid, followed by solubilization of the ammonium ion, addition of reagents and fluorimetric detection. Important analytical parameters that were evaluated included sampling time and flow rate. Formaldehyde, diethylamine and hydrogen sulfide did not interfere in the method. The analytical curve was linear up to at least 34 ppbv of ammonia, using a sample flow rate of 0.3 L min -1 and a sampling time of 20 min. The limit of detection achieved under these conditions was 3 ppbv. The proposed method offers advantages compared to the indophenol colorimetric method, especially the ability to use a shorter sampling time. The method proved to be easy to apply, and should be useful in applications where measurements of low concentrations of ammonia are required, or where there are rapid fluctuations in ammonia concentrations over periods as short as 20 min.Keywords: gaseous ammonia, acid-impregnated filter, fluorimetric detection, o-phthaldialdehyde, isoindole Introduction Ammonia (NH 3 ) is found naturally in ambient air, as well as emitted from anthropogenic sources, and plays a role in atmospheric chemistry. It has many sources, including agriculture, fossil fuel combustion, industrial emissions and biochemical processes in natural soils. [1][2][3][4] Food production is a significant source of ammonia, with emissions occurring due to application of fertilizer or manure to soils and volatilization from animal waste. [5][6][7] Close to the source, NH 3 is deposited onto vegetation, soil and water, and consequently may both modify acidity and increase the availability of nitrogen, which can lead to eutrophication of surface waters. 8 NH 3 is considered an important pollutant due to its role as a precursor in fine particulate matter formation, in the formation of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N 2 O), and in the nitrogen balance of ecosystems. [9][10][11] The fine particulates formed in the atmosphere due to acid-base reactions of ammonia wi...

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“…It also is emitted during agricultural activities 1 and recently motor vehicle equipped with a catalytic converter emerging an important source of ammonia. 2,3 Ammonia is known to be acting as a catalyst for the oxidation of the acidic gases, SO 2 and NO x , and consequently stimulates their deposition. [4][5][6] Ammonia is a base but it converts to acids after deposition into soil and causes soil acidification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an Automated Diffusion Scrubber-Conductometry System for Measuring Atmospheric Ammonia

Lee

Lee³

2011

Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society

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A semi-continuous and automated method for quantifying atmospheric ammonia at the parts per billion level has been developed. The instrument consists of a high efficiency diffusion scrubber, an electrolytic on-line anion exchange device, and a conductivity detector. Water soluble gases in sampled air diffuse through the porous membrane and are absorbed in an absorbing solution. Interferences are eliminated by using an anion exchange devises. The electrical conductivity of the solution is measured without chromatographic separation. The collection efficiency was over 99%. Over the 0-200 ppbv concentration range, the calibration was linear with r 2 = 0.99. The lower limit of detection was 0.09 ppbv. A parallel analysis of Seoul air over several days using this method and a diffusion scrubber coupled to an ion chromatography system showed acceptable agreement, r 2 = 0.940 (n = 686). This method can be applied for ambient air monitoring of ammonia.

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Ammonia emissions from a representative in-use fleet of light and medium-duty vehicles in the California South Coast Air Basin

Cited by 119 publications

References 22 publications

On-road emissions of ammonia: An underappreciated source of atmospheric nitrogen deposition

On-road emissions of ammonia: An underappreciated source of atmospheric nitrogen deposition

A method for determination of ammonia in air using oxalic acid-impregnated cellulose filters and fluorimetric detection

Development of an Automated Diffusion Scrubber-Conductometry System for Measuring Atmospheric Ammonia

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