Ammonia Emissions from Cattle Manure under Variable Moisture Exchange between the Manure and the Environment

Bleizgys, Rolandas; Naujokienė, Vilma

doi:10.3390/agronomy13061555

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Ammonia evaporation is related to the intensity of the evaporation of moisture from manure; a strong correlation between these parameters has been established. Ammonia evaporates up to 3.9 times from liquid manure more intensely than it does from solid manure [ 66 ]. The ammonia concentration in naturally ventilated buildings is mainly influenced by the air temperature.…”

Section: Compost-bedded Pack Barn Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding Compost-Bedded Pack Barn Systems in Regions with a Tropical Climate: A Review of the Current State of the Art

Andrade,

Tinôco,

Damasceno

et al. 2024

Animals

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The main challenge in milk production has been to maintain a focus on efficient processes that enhance production outcomes while aligning with animal welfare and sustainability and being valued by society. As an alternative to improve cow welfare in production and provide better handling of the waste generated by the activity, the system called the compost-bedded pack barn (CBP) has been widely adopted in countries with temperate climates and higher milk production. This CBP has been attracting global interest, including from countries with tropical and subtropical climates, such as Brazil, where many producers have started to use it due to the response in terms of milk productivity. A CBP can be designed either in (a) an open facility with natural ventilation or a positive-pressure ventilation system or (b) totally closed facilities, equipped with negative-pressure ventilation systems and permanent thermal control. The latter system is being implemented in Brazil, despite insufficient knowledge about its efficiency. The objective of this study was, through a review, to gather and describe the most recent information on the use of open and closed CBP systems for dairy cattle housing, mainly covering how it is applied in tropical climate regions. To achieve the proposed objective, this review study included the following topics related to CBPs: (i) implementation, (ii) bedding, (iii) general construction and architectural characteristics, and (iv) ambient thermal conditioning. Knowledge gaps and directions for future research are also identified here.

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Section: Compost-bedded Pack Barn Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, to ensure good air quality in stables and reduce the pollution of air with harmful gases, it is important to properly manage the intensity of ventilation. As ventilation is intensified, ammonia evaporates more [ 66 ].…”

Section: Compost-bedded Pack Barn Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding Compost-Bedded Pack Barn Systems in Regions with a Tropical Climate: A Review of the Current State of the Art

Andrade,

Tinôco,

Damasceno

et al. 2024

Animals

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Effect of bedding application and air change rates on environmental ammonia concentrations for intensively housed beef cattle

Hanafi,

Tait,

Cowley

et al. 2024

Anim. Prod. Sci.

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Context Manure deposition during livestock export voyages contributes to air ammonia levels, potentially affecting human and animal health if not managed. Mitigation strategies may include increased air change rates and application of bedding. Aim This study examined the effect of bedding application rate (BAR) and air change rate (ACH) on air ammonia (NH3) concentrations and pad properties, including pad surface condition, pH, moisture, and pad ammonium (NH4+) concentrations, for intensively housed beef cattle. Methods Six 7-day runs were conducted with 72 Bos indicus cross steers (mean liveweight ± s.d. = 338 ± 32 kg) housed in respiration chambers by using a 3 × 3 factorial design. The BARs were set to 0%, 50%, and 100% of the Australian Standards for the Export of Livestock (ASEL), and ACH were varied at 20, 35, and 52. Air NH3 was measured twice daily at three heights. Pad surface condition was collected with the first air NH3 measurement. Video footage captured standing and lying behaviours for each steer. Pad samples were collected on the final day for pad chemical analysis. Key results The ACH of 20 changes per hour resulted in higher air NH3 concentration than ACH of 35 and 52. Higher BAR led to lower pad pH and moisture, with slightly lower pad NH4+ concentration in 100% and 50% BAR than 0% BAR. Although air NH3 concentration on Day 7 was positively correlated with pad NH4+ concentration, BAR had no marked effect on air NH3 concentration (within the temperature range of this experiment). Drier and firmer pad surfaces were associated with each high BAR and high ACH. Moreover, high BAR increased the frequency of lying behaviour in steers. Conclusions These findings indicated that NH3 can be mitigated by optimising air changes to minimise air NH3 concentration and utilising bedding to minimise pad NH4+. This offers practical solutions for intensively housed beef cattle, such as livestock export voyages to improve human and animal welfare onboard. Implications The study results emphasised the importance of optimising ACH to maintain low air NH3 concentrations in livestock export conditions. Although there was no evidence that BAR affects air NH3 directly, it reduced pad NH4+ and improved pad conditions for overall animal comfort and environmental quality in confined housing with sufficient air changes.

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Ammonia Emissions from Cattle Manure under Variable Moisture Exchange between the Manure and the Environment

Cited by 2 publications

References 41 publications

Understanding Compost-Bedded Pack Barn Systems in Regions with a Tropical Climate: A Review of the Current State of the Art

Understanding Compost-Bedded Pack Barn Systems in Regions with a Tropical Climate: A Review of the Current State of the Art

Effect of bedding application and air change rates on environmental ammonia concentrations for intensively housed beef cattle

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