Ammonia Emissions from Differing Manure Storage Facilities at Two Midwestern Free-Stall Dairies

Grant, Richard H.; Boehm, Matthew T.

doi:10.3390/atmos11101108

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…These results were consistent with the reactor study where dilution of the manure reduced H 2 S emissions, but the high variability in emissions prevented statistical support for this reduction (Ni et al, 2010). Annual H 2 S emissions were 212 g m −2 (807 g head −1 , 1,026 g AU −1 ); however, because the lagoon contains only waste from the milking area, this does not represent the entire farm's emissions (Grant & Boehm, 2020).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Emission periods were excluded if (a) friction velocity (U * ) was <0.15 m s −1 , (b) the absolute value of the Monin-Obukhov length was <2 m, (c) the calculated background H 2 S concentration was less than twice the instrument sensitivity (1.7 μl L −1 ), (d) the wind direction SD was >30 o , (e) the touchdown fraction was <0.15 (Flesch & Wilson, 2005), or (f) the attack angle rela-tive to the line sample was <60 • . Because the lagoon source received only waste from the milking parlor and holding area (Grant & Boehm, 2020), calculated emissions do not represent the entire farm's emissions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variation in hydrogen sulfide emissions from a U.S. Midwest anaerobic dairy lagoon

2021

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Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) emissions from midwestern United States dairy anaerobic waste lagoons are episodic and seasonal. Emissions were modeled using an inverse diffusion model in conjunction with measured concentrations and turbulence. The potential for lagoon mixing was estimated by the Brunt frequency using a theoretical Fourier series temperature profile model constructed from measured air and lagoon temperatures. Annual H2S emissions from the dairy parlor and holding area liquid waste, based on 318 d of measurement, were 212 g m–2 or 807 g head of cattle–1. Hydrogen sulfide emissions were highest in the spring and the fall. Eleven days with emissions >7 g d–1 head–1 accounted for 25% of the annual emissions. Shear mixing appeared to dominate the mixing in the lagoon when the lagoon was estimated to be nearly isothermal. Wind shear correlated with significantly greater daily mean emissions. The H2S emissions from this lagoon appeared to result from a series of processes; biogenic production of H2S in the sludge, H2S‐enriched bubbles rise through the lagoon by buoyancy and wind shear induced mixing, and bubbles bursting at the surface either due to desiccation of the bubbles or surface disturbances induced by wind and precipitation.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in hydrogen sulfide emissions from a U.S. Midwest anaerobic dairy lagoon

2021

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“…The season did not influence the N intake, but the irreversible N losses to the atmosphere tended to be higher during the warm season (Table 1). This could be explained by the fact that higher temperatures would increase NH 3 emission rates, as urease activity increases exponentially above 10 • C [29], given that the main way of N volatilization from manure is through this gas [30][31][32].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annual Nitrogen Balance from Dairy Barns, Comparison between Cubicle and Compost-Bedded Pack Housing Systems in the Northeast of Spain

Fuertes

Seradj

Santaulària

et al. 2021

Animals

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The aim of this study was to determine N recovery and irreversible losses (i.e., through NH3-N volatilization) from manure in two different housing systems throughout a year using an N mass balance approach. Dietary, milk, and manure N were monitored together with outside temperatures in six dairy barns during six months, comprising two different seasons. Three barns were designed as conventional free stalls (cubicle, CUB) and the other three barns as compost-bedded packs (CB). All the barns were located in the Ebro’s valley, in the northeast of Spain. Mass N balance was performed simultaneously in the six barns, during two three-month periods (Season I and II) and sampling at a 15-day interval. Results of ANOVA analysis showed that annual N retained in manure (kg/head per year) from cows housed in CUB barns was significantly higher than in manure from cows housed in CB (133.5 vs. 70.9, p < 0.001), while the opposite was observed for N losses (26.9 vs. 84.8, for CUB and CB barn, respectively; p < 0.005). The annual mean proportion of irreversible N loss from manure in relation to N intake was much lower in barns using conventional free-stall cubicles than the mean ratio registered in bedded pack systems barns.

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“…Because emissions were measured for only a portion of the manure storage area, it was necessary to estimate the population of cows loading the measured area based on the average number of cows present in the facilities that were loading this area, assuming manure deposition was uniform throughout the day and across the barns, holding area and milking parlor. The average population loading the basins was estimated as 559 lactating cows, or 710 animal units (1 AU = 500 kg) based on the mean mass of the cows (Grant & Boehm, 2020; Grant et al., 2015). This was determined based on the time the lactating cows (1,506 hd) spent being milked (three times a day for 30 min each milking) and the time that cows (496 hd) were present in the two barns contributing to the measured area.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen sulfide emissions from a midwestern manure slurry storage basin

Grant

Boehm

2022

J of Env Quality

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Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) emissions from midwestern U.S. dairy lagoons are episodic and seasonal. Emissions were determined using an inverse diffusion model in conjunction with measured upwind and downwind line‐averaged H2S concentrations and turbulence. Mean daily H2S emissions from manure stored in earthen basins was 0.97 μg m−2 s−1 (σ = 1.35 μg m−2 s−1). Mean live animal basis daily emission from the basins was 1.1 g d−1 hd−1 (0.84 g d−1 AU−1). Daily emission was modeled using the van't Hoff function with air temperature as a surrogate for slurry surface temperature and a linear function of friction velocity. The mean standard error of estimate of the model was 1.8 μg m−2 s−1 (2.0 g d−1 hd−1, 1.6 g d−1 AU−1) and accounted for 60% of emissions variability. H2S emissions were enhanced for short periods during the year when the stored slurry was loaded onto trucks for removal. Emissions from the basins were not statistically different as barn manure handling changed from flushing to scraping. More measurements are needed to verify annual emissions estimates for these manure slurry storage basins and derive emission factors for these slurry storage systems.

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Ammonia Emissions from Differing Manure Storage Facilities at Two Midwestern Free-Stall Dairies

Cited by 16 publications

References 32 publications

Variation in hydrogen sulfide emissions from a U.S. Midwest anaerobic dairy lagoon

Variation in hydrogen sulfide emissions from a U.S. Midwest anaerobic dairy lagoon

Annual Nitrogen Balance from Dairy Barns, Comparison between Cubicle and Compost-Bedded Pack Housing Systems in the Northeast of Spain

Hydrogen sulfide emissions from a midwestern manure slurry storage basin

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