Ammonia in Fly Ashes from Flue Gas Denitrification Process and its Impact on the Properties of Cement Composites

Michalik, Agnieszka; Babińska, Joanna; Chyliński, Filip; Piekarczuk, Artur

doi:10.3390/buildings9110225

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Part of the ammonium adsorbs on the surface of the spherical particles of fly ash and part reacts with other constituents of flue gas, forming ammonium sulphates, carbonates or chlorides. The ammonium content in fly ash depends on many factors [17,18] among which the main one is the ammonia slip level. Mazur et al [19] have estimated that an ammonia overdose of 2 ppm might increase the ammonia content in fly ash by about 100 ppm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The article presents the results of tests chosen by previous investigations [18] that showed that these properties might be significant for fly ash containing ammonia, and also other tests found valuable in this area. The following tests were performed: Tests were performed using siliceous fly ash from a Polish power plant equipped with an SNCR denitrification installation (samples A-E).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Fly Ash with Ammonia: Properties and Emission of Ammonia from Cement Composites

2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The article presents the results of tests performed on fly ash with a high content of ammonium (up to 400 ppm) from the NOx reduction process. The main properties of fly ash were tested according to EN 450-1 and the results were compared with fly ash without ammonium. The comparison showed that fly ash with high concentration of ammonium suits the requirements of the European standard. Although the requirements do not limit the ammonium content, using such material as an additive for cement composites causes the emission of gaseous ammonium during mixing and from the final product. For this reason, the emission of ammonium from mortars containing fly ash were tested. The results have shown that using high ammonium fly ash might pollute indoor air and affect the health of users.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fly Ash with Ammonia: Properties and Emission of Ammonia from Cement Composites

2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…NH 3 (g) is released in large quantities from agricultural facilities, compost-processing centers, oil refineries, petrochemical plants, manufacturing facilities, pulp and paper mills, textile factories, automobile exhaust, liquefied natural gas power plants, food processing centers, construction projects, and wastewater treatment facilities. ,− Average NH 3 (g) concentrations of 50 and 90 ppm have been reported at poultry facilities and pig farms, respectively . Concentrations as high as 300 ppm of NH 3 (g) have been reported at wastewater treatment plants handling large quantities of municipal solid wastes, composted materials, and anaerobically digested sludge. ,, NH 3 (g) can also be liberated from walls containing nitrogen-rich fly ash, antifreeze agents, and urea-based products, − and it has been recognized as a potent indoor air pollutant. − Once released into the atmosphere, the NH 3 (g) molecules primarily contribute to the formation of secondary aerosols (nitrogenous compounds) as the precursors of haze, as mentioned earlier .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photocatalytic Platforms for Removal of Ammonia from Gaseous and Aqueous Matrixes: Status and Challenges

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The unbridled expansion of advanced agricultural and industrial facilities has led to the release of large amounts of ammonia (NH 3 ), one of the most pernicious malodorants. Photocatalytic approaches have attracted widespread attention as promising options to turn pollutants into environmentally benign end products under favorable operating conditions. Although most approaches rely on the titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) structures, many other engineered photocatalytic materials can also be used to enhance overall efficiency and practicality of such systems. This Review provides a comprehensive overview of the available options for discrete mitigation of NH 3 in gaseous and aqueous matrixes. The performances of photocatalytic materials and systems are compared with respect to quantum and space-time yields. Special attention has been paid to the reaction mechanisms prevalent during photocatalytic removal of NH 3 in each medium coupled with the production of end products (e.g., hydrogen and nitrogen) through NH 3 splitting. The effects of process and operational variables (e.g., irradiation time, relative humidity, mode of operation, and environmental matrix type) on performance are also discussed along with the intrinsic properties of the applied materials (e.g., surface functional sites and structure). Existing obstacles, such as the formation of hazardous byproducts through complicated reaction pathways, are explored along with future challenges.

show abstract

“…Examples of this type of activation, which leads to an increase in the activity of additives recorded in calorimetric studies [ 14 ] are modified fly-ash [ 15 ] and blast furnace slag, which are among the most popular concrete additives. One of the methods for their activation consists in additional grinding, which results in a significant increase in specific surface area [ 11 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Undissolved Ilmenite Mud from TiO2 Production—Waste or a Valuable Addition to Portland Cement Composites?

2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper presents a method of utilising ilmenite MUD created during the production of titanium dioxide (TiO2) according to the sulphate method as an additive for Portland cement composites. After the production process, undissolved MUD was additionally rinsed with water and filtrated in the factory to make it more useful (R-MUD) for implementation and also to turn back some of the by-products of the production of TiO2. R-MUD is less hazardous waste than MUD. It has a lower concentration of sulphuric acid and some heavy metals. The rinsing process raised the concentration of SiO2, which is a valuable part of R-MUD because of its potential pozzolanic activity. This means that the R-MUD might be a reactive substitute of part of Portland cement in building composites. The article presents the results of research on the pozzolanic activity of R-MUD and other materials with proved pozzolanic activity, such as silica fume, fly ash and natural pozzolana (trass). Tests were performed using thermal analysis techniques. The tests showed that the pozzolanic activity or R-MUD after three days is at the same level as silica fume and after 28 days it is twice as high as the activity of fly ash. Beyond the 180th day of curing, R-MUD had the same level of activity as fly ash. The summary is supplemented by calorimetric tests, which confirm the high reactivity of R-MUD compared to other commonly used concrete additives, already in the initial hydration period. In summary, heat of hydration after 72 h of Portland cement with R-MUD is at the same level as the heat of hydration of Portland cement with silica fume and also pure Portland cement grout. The results confirm that the process of formation of micro-silica contained in R-MUD react with calcium hydroxide to form the C-S-H phase, which is responsible for the microstructure of cement composites.

show abstract

Ammonia in Fly Ashes from Flue Gas Denitrification Process and its Impact on the Properties of Cement Composites

Cited by 11 publications

References 19 publications

Fly Ash with Ammonia: Properties and Emission of Ammonia from Cement Composites

Fly Ash with Ammonia: Properties and Emission of Ammonia from Cement Composites

Photocatalytic Platforms for Removal of Ammonia from Gaseous and Aqueous Matrixes: Status and Challenges

Undissolved Ilmenite Mud from TiO2 Production—Waste or a Valuable Addition to Portland Cement Composites?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About