Ammonia Inhibition in High-Solids Biogasification: An Overview and Practical Solutions

Kayhanian, Masoud

doi:10.1080/09593332008616828

Cited by 424 publications

(217 citation statements)

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“…FAN concentrations of 700 to 1100 mg N L -1 were reported to be capable of triggering inhibition for many types of feedstocks (Niu et al, 2013). A suggested mechanism for ammonia inhibition of biogas production is the diffusion of FAN into the cell membranes of methanogens, causing an imbalance in intra-and extracellular NH 4 + concentration and pH, and finally leading to a reduction or cessation of methane production (Kayhanian, 1999).…”

Section: Digestion Stability Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogas production from undiluted chicken manure and maize silage: A study of ammonia inhibition in high solids anaerobic digestion

Sun

Cao

Banks

et al. 2016

Bioresource Technology

156

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The feasibility of co-digestion of chicken manure (CM) and maize silage (MS) without water dilution was investigated in 5-L digesters. Specific methane production (SMP) of 0.309 L CH 4 g -1 volatile solids (VS) was achieved but only at lower %CM. Above a critical threshold for total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), estimated at 7 g N L -1 , VFA accumulated with a characteristic increase in acetic acid followed by its reduction and an increase in propionic Methanogenesis was completely inhibited at TAN of 9 g N L -1 . The low digestibility of the mixed feedstock led to a rise in digestate TS and a reduction in SMP over the 297-day experimental period. Methanogenesis appeared to be failing in one digester but was recovered by reducing the %CM. Co-digestion was feasible with CM ≤20% of feedstock VS, and the main limiting factor was ammonia inhibition.

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Section: Digestion Stability Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogas production from undiluted chicken manure and maize silage: A study of ammonia inhibition in high solids anaerobic digestion

Sun

Cao

Banks

et al. 2016

Bioresource Technology

156

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“…On hydrolysis this releases ammoniacal nitrogen which, although essential for the growth of anaerobic microorganisms, can lead to free ammonia concentrations that are inhibitory to the digestion process. The ammonia inhibits the methanogenic archaea, in particular the acetoclastic methanogens (Kayhanian, 1999, Chen et al, 2008, Liu and Sung, 2002, Prochazka et al, 2012, Angelidaki and Ahring, 1993. The result is operational instability, a decrease in biogas production, and in the worst cases failure of digestion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia removal in food waste anaerobic digestion using a side-stream stripping process

Serna‐Maza

Heaven

Banks

2014

Bioresource Technology

111

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Three 35-L anaerobic digesters fed on source segregated food waste were coupled to side-stream ammonia stripping columns and operated semi-continuously over 300 days, with results in terms of performance and stability compared to those of a control digester without stripping. Biogas was used as the stripping medium, and the columns were operated under different conditions of temperature (55, 70, 85 ⁰C), pH (unadjusted and pH 10), and RT (2 to 5 days). To reduce digester TAN concentrations to a useful level a high temperature (≥70⁰C) and a pH of 10 were needed; under these conditions 48% of the TAN was removed over a 138-day period without any detrimental effects on digester performance. Other effects of the stripping process were an overall reduction in digestate organic nitrogen-containing fraction compared to the control and a recovery in the acetoclastic pathway when TAN concentration was 1770 ± 20 mg kg -1 . Keywords IntroductionThe source segregation, separate collection and subsequent anaerobic digestion of food waste can help to reduce the organic fraction of municipal solid waste for disposal and, in some cases, help governments to meet the targets of the EU Directive on the landfilling of waste (1999/31/EC). Importantly, it also offers a method of reclaiming potential energy in the waste in the form of a fuel gas, and opens up a route by which nutrients can be recycled back to land. This has advantages even compared to incineration for energy recovery, as the high moisture content of food waste negates much of the energy gain and in thermal processing most nutrients are lost. Digestion may therefore offer a more sustainable route to resource recovery compared to other waste treatment technologies that are less suited to dealing with this high moisture fraction. Anaerobic digestion of food waste is not without difficulties, however, mainly associated with its high protein content. On hydrolysis this releases ammoniacal nitrogen which, although essential for the growth of anaerobic microorganisms, can lead to free ammonia concentrations that are inhibitory to the digestion process. The ammonia inhibits the methanogenic archaea, in particular the acetoclastic methanogens (Kayhanian, 1999, Chen et al., 2008, Liu and Sung, 2002, Prochazka et al., 2012, Angelidaki and Ahring, 1993. The result is operational instability, a decrease in biogas production, and in the worst cases failure of digestion. To some extent these problems have been resolved at mesophilic temperatures through stimulation of the hydrogenotrophic metabolic pathway by the addition of selenium and cobalt, both of which are commonly deficient in food waste (Climenhaga and Banks, 2008). This strategy has allowed stable digestion of food waste at high organic loading rates (OLR) (> 5 kg VS m -3 day -1 ) and total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN) concentrations > 6 g l -1 (Banks et al., 2012). At temperatures in the thermophilic range the toxic threshold is reduced as the equilibrium moves towards free ammonia, and under these conditions trace e...

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“…Methanogens are usually the most sensitive bacteria groups (Speece, 1996); the toxins for them include NH 3 , NH 4 + , soluble sulphides and soluble salts of metals etc. For instance, NH 3 is a product from biodegradation of protein content present in kitchen waste or garden waste (Kayhanian andRich, 1995, Kayhanian, 1999) and it is generally accepted that NH 3 -N concentrations exceeding 1500-3000mg/L at a pH higher than 7.4 are inhibitory (Monson et al, 2007), as the high pH can shift the equilibrium towards the unionized NH 3 form (Trzcinski, 2009). …”

Section: Lca Of Light-weight Eco-compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As summarized by Kayhanian (1999), metabolic pathways to degrade protein include hydrolysis of protein to alpha-amino acids, which are sequentially utilized by hydrolyzers and acetogens and eventually degraded by methanogens. During the digestion of a few amino-acids, N-containing purines and pyrimidines are produced, which are further degraded by bacteria to release NH 3.…”

Section: End-of-life Scenarios 291mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Firstly, the major N source in landfill waste -protein -undergoes a two-step ammonification, which includes hydrolysis to amino acids and the further conversion to CO 2 , NH 3 /NH 4 + , and VFA via subsequent deamination or fermentation (Kayhanian, 1999). The majority of N release is present in the form of NH 4 + as the landfill pH level is generally less than 8 (Berge et al, 2005).…”

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Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Light-Weight Eco-composites

Guo¹

2012

Springer Theses

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LCA of Light-weight Eco-composites Statement of originality 2 Statement of originalityI hereby declare that this submission is my own work and to the best of my knowledge it contains no materials previously published or written by another person.Contributions made to the research of this thesis by others, with whom I have worked with are explicitly acknowledged. I also declare that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of my own work, except to the extent that assistance from others with data collection and modification of process-oriented model DNDC is acknowledged. Miao GuoSep 2010 LCA of Light-weight Eco-compositesAbstract 3 AbstractThe environmental profiles of novel wheat based foam materials were investigated in this thesis using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methods. The LCAs were developed using primary data collected from industrial sources combined with new laboratory experiments supplemented with secondary data from publicly available sources.Laboratory research was conducted to obtain important missing data on WBFs for the LCA modelling, including physico-chemical parameters, biodegradability and energy recovery under anaerobic digestion conditions.Contribution analysis suggested that the emissions evolved from the wheat agroecosystem and PVOH production, together with the energy and infrastructure involved in WBF production were the major contributors to the environmental burdens of the WBF life cycle in most impact categories. The atmospheric emissions resulting from WBF degradation at the end-of-life also emerged as another important contributor to environmental impact. Amongst the diverse ‗end-of-life' scenarios examined, AD and home composting were suggested to be the optimum choices for WBF waste treatment. This research discusses two N 2 O modelling approaches and presents a method to expand the system boundary by integrating the process-oriented model DNDC for field emissions into the LCA. Sensitivity analysis suggests that the environmental profiles of agricultural products are influenced substantially by the system boundary definition. LCA of Light-weight Eco-compositesAbstract 4 Furthermore, it suggests that the ‗general rule' in LCA practice by applying an empirical model or a default emission factor (EF) could deliver unreliable LCA findings.This study also evaluated the sensitivity of the LCA results to methodology and data variations and quantified the uncertainties in the LCA outcomes arising from uncertainty in the inventory and data variability. This has led to an increase in confidence in the LCA findings. At the same time it indicates the areas where improvements in data or methods are needed in order for robust conclusions to be drawn and unbiased information to be delivered e.g. the methodological rigidity of characterization models, the IPCC Tier 1 EF uncertainty range. LCA of Light-weight Eco-compositesAcknowledgements 5

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Ammonia Inhibition in High-Solids Biogasification: An Overview and Practical Solutions

Cited by 424 publications

References 0 publications

Biogas production from undiluted chicken manure and maize silage: A study of ammonia inhibition in high solids anaerobic digestion

Biogas production from undiluted chicken manure and maize silage: A study of ammonia inhibition in high solids anaerobic digestion

Ammonia removal in food waste anaerobic digestion using a side-stream stripping process

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Light-Weight Eco-composites

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