Ammonia synthesis at atmospheric pressure using a reactor with thin solid electrolyte BaCe0.85Y0.15O3−α membrane

BaCeO3: Materials development, properties and application

“…The same trend is observed in other electrochemical systems based on a proton electrolyte [179,183,224,253,255,256] (cf. Fig.…”

“…21). By contrast, a local maximum of the formation rate of ammonia as a function of the applied current was also observed [183,256] and depicted in Fig. 20.…”

Progress in the Electrochemical Synthesis of Ammonia

“…In general, the reaction rate will increase up to a certain level above which, it will become current independent. Wang et al [31], however, observed a negative order dependence of the reaction rate on the imposed current. At low current density values, the rate increased with current.…”

“…At low current density values, the rate increased with current. At I = 1 mA, the rate reached a maximum and attained lower values at higher currents [5,31]. A physical explanation of this behavior is that, at high currents, the catalyst surface is "poisoned" by protons, which combine with electrons and each other, thus forming H 2 rather than NH 3 [4,5].…”

“…To this end, the introduction of humidified, rather than dry, hydrogen has also been examined on various materials [28,30,31,34,[39][40][41][42]. It can be seen from Table 1 that, in the case of barium cerate-based electrolytes operating with wet hydrogen over the anode, higher reaction rates and FEs are obtained [31,39,42]. a Calculated based on reference data.…”