2006
DOI: 10.1007/s00340-006-2335-6
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Ammonia trace measurements at ppb level based on near-IR photoacoustic spectroscopy

Abstract: A photoacoustic sensor using a laser diode emitting near 1532 nm in combination with an erbium-doped fibre amplifier has been developed for ammonia trace gas analysis at atmospheric pressure. NH 3 concentration measurements down to 6 ppb and a noise-equivalent detection limit below 3 ppb in dry air are demonstrated. Two wavelength-modulation schemes with 1 f and 2 f detection using a lock-in amplifier were investigated and compared to maximise the signal-to-noise ratio. A quantitative analysis of CO 2 and H 2 … Show more

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Cited by 46 publications
(20 citation statements)
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“…The strong pair of lines at 1.531 lm or 6528.8 cm À1 in Webber et al's Feature No. 1 that has become the virtual standard for TDL ammonia mon- Table 3 Term values, a-s inversion splittings and l-doublet separations for the m 3 + 2m 4 state of 14 NH 3 K J l 3 = +1, l 3 = À2 levels (cm À1 ) l 3 = À1, l 4 = +2 levels (cm À1 ) l-doubling (cm À1 ) itoring in the 1.5 lm region [18,[21][22][23]25,29,[32][33][34][35] is in fact the very same p P(6, 6) doublet for the m 1 + m 3 band but with the lower frequency component closely blended with the m 1 + m 3 p P(5, 3)a line. The smooth Voigt profile observed for this feature at 6528.77 cm À1 in the spectrum [21] indicates that the overlap between the two transitions must be virtually exact.…”
Section: Comments On Transitions Employed For Remote Sensing Studiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…The strong pair of lines at 1.531 lm or 6528.8 cm À1 in Webber et al's Feature No. 1 that has become the virtual standard for TDL ammonia mon- Table 3 Term values, a-s inversion splittings and l-doublet separations for the m 3 + 2m 4 state of 14 NH 3 K J l 3 = +1, l 3 = À2 levels (cm À1 ) l 3 = À1, l 4 = +2 levels (cm À1 ) l-doubling (cm À1 ) itoring in the 1.5 lm region [18,[21][22][23]25,29,[32][33][34][35] is in fact the very same p P(6, 6) doublet for the m 1 + m 3 band but with the lower frequency component closely blended with the m 1 + m 3 p P(5, 3)a line. The smooth Voigt profile observed for this feature at 6528.77 cm À1 in the spectrum [21] indicates that the overlap between the two transitions must be virtually exact.…”
Section: Comments On Transitions Employed For Remote Sensing Studiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…(For example, see [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] and the references cited therein.) With the development of diode laser sources for telecommunications in recent years, there has been an upsurge of activity in exploration of laser spectroscopic methods for ammonia detection in the 1.5 lm region for environmental monitoring and industrial process control [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…nfortuntelyD de(nitions of the relmholtz ell model prmetersD whih n e found in the litertureD do not led to good greement of ell response preditions nd tul responses PP!PRF e will show tht ury of existing ell models n e signi(ntly improved with simple nonEliner orretion funtionsF he ury imE provement will e demonstrted for the dely line sed modelF 3. Design and measurement of photoacoustic Helmholtz cells hevelopment nd veri(tion of the ell model imE provement tehniqueD to e presented in the next seE tionsD ws possile due to vilility of sustntil numer of the relmholtz ells with di'erent geometril prmeter vlues nd ommon mehnil design " s presented in pigF RF ilements of these ells were designed in suh wy tht the ells n e esily ressemled y using omponents of di'erent sizesF ih element @miE rophoneD smple vityD dut onneting vitiesA n e esily repled for nother instne of tht element @possily with di'erent sizeAF rving tht )exiility we reted two sets of ell pE rmeter vluesF por the (rst set we used ominE tions ofX the volume of the mirophone vity V 2 = 0.5, 1.0, 1. he (rst set ws used to otin the est form of orE retion funtions for the dely line sed model nd the seond one " to evlute the proposed model modi(E tionsF ell mehnil omponents were mde of rss in orE der to ensure pproprite sti'ness of the whole ell nd eliminte virtionsF rior to mesurements the ell ws pled in the holderD s shown in pigF SF he stepEy¥ step method PS ws used to otin freE queny responses of the ells in the frequeny rnge PHH rz to R krzF hus the smple ell ws stimulted y light em from vih soureD modulted t one freE queny t timeF he photoousti signl ws olleted y pitive mirophoneF iletri signl ws mpliE (ed IHH times with shielded prempli(er efore it ws digitlly reordedF wesured signl ws reltively lowD nd so required n dditionl vergingF tedyEstte signl mplitude t resonne frequeny ws in order of few millivolts fter out IHHH times vergingF 4.…”
mentioning
confidence: 93%
“…An NH 3 sensor based on the combination of resonant photo acoustic spectroscopy and direct absorption spectroscopy techniques with a DFB laser diode operating at 1532 nm, was also described [18]. Another photo acoustic spectroscopy sensor using a laser diode emitting near 1532 nm, combined with an erbium-doped fiber amplifier, was developed for NH 3 trace gas analysis at atmospheric pressure [19]. An instrument based on off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy and room-temperature near infrared diode lasers, with an emission wavelength at 1532 nm, was applied for measurement of several gas species [20].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%