Ammonia volatilization from field-applied animal slurry—the ALFAM model

Søgaard, H. T.; Sommer, Sven G.; Hutchings, Nicholas J.; Huijsmans, J.F.M.; Bussink, D.W.; Nicholson, F. A.

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(02)00300-x

Cited by 202 publications

(178 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…For the application of biosolids, it is assumed that 26% of the N contained in the biosolids is released as ammonia according to Nemecek et al (2007). NH 3 volatilisation from sludges is affected by a range of factors including; application techniques, manure composition, crop cover, weather and soil conditions (Søgaard et al, 2002).…”

Section: Inventory Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy requirements and environmental impacts associated with the production of short rotation willow (Salix sp.) chip in Ireland

2013

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Willow Salix sp. is currently cultivated as a short rotation forestry crop in Ireland as a source of biomass to contribute to renewable energy goals. The aim of this study is to evaluate the energy requirements and environmental impacts associated with willow (Salix sp.) cultivation, harvest, and transport using life cycle assessment (LCA). In this study, only emissions from the production of the willow chip are included, end-use emissions from combustion are not considered. In this LCA study, three impact categories are considered; acidification potential, eutrophication potential and global warming potential. In addition, the cumulative energy demand and energy ratio of the system are evaluated. The results identify three key processes in the production chain which contribute most to all impact categories considered; maintenance, harvest and transportation of the crop. Sensitivity analysis on the type of fertilizers used, harvesting technologies and transport distances highlights the effects of these management techniques on overall system performance. Replacement of synthetic fertilizer with biosolids results in a reduction in overall energy demand, but raises acidification potential, eutrophication potential and global warming potential. Rod harvesting compares unfavourably in comparison with direct chip harvesting in each of the impact categories considered due to the additional chipping step required. The results show that dedicated truck transport is preferable to tractor-trailer transport in terms of energy demand and environmental impacts. Finally, willow chip production compares favourably with coal provision in terms of energy ratio and global warming potential, while achieving a higher energy ratio than peat provision but also a higher global warming potential.

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Section: Inventory Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy requirements and environmental impacts associated with the production of short rotation willow (Salix sp.) chip in Ireland

2013

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“…The calculated percentage of slurry NH 4 -15 N lost was compared with the proportion of total ammoniacal N volatilisation predicted by the ALFAM model (Søgaard et al 2002). The ALFAM model is based on an ammonia emission database containing data from manure application experiments conducted in eight countries representing a broad range of European climatic conditions.…”

Section: Calculations and Statistical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is a relatively simple method and the equipment is inexpensive to purchase, maintain and operate (Ryan 2005). However, the associated high ammonia emissions (up to 90% of applied NH 4 -N) can be substantially reduced by using low-emission application methods such as band spreading, trailing shoe application or injection (Malgeryd 1998;Misselbrook et al 2002;Smith et al 2000;Søgaard et al 2002). For many grassland areas, the trailing shoe (TS) is considered to be the most effective alternative to broadcast application, as high stone content of soils and undulating topography make injection unsuitable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous studies have reported significant effects of slurry application method and timing on ammonia volatilisation (Malgeryd 1998;Misselbrook et al 2002;Rochette et al 2008;Smith et al 2000;Søgaard et al 2002), however, most studies failed to find a significant corresponding increase in herbage yield or apparent N recovery (Misselbrook et al 1996;Smith et al 2000). In the present study, 15 N labelling of the slurry ammonium fraction made it possible to follow the fate of slurry N in the soil-plant system and simultaneously calculate losses through a mass balance approach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Slurry 15NH4-N recovery in herbage and soil: effects of application method and timing

et al. 2009

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The effects of slurry application method and weather conditions after application on ammonia volatilisation are well documented, however, the effect on slurry N recovery in herbage is less evident due to large variability of results. The objective of this field experiment was to determine the recovery of cattle slurry NH 4 -N in herbage and soil in the year of application as affected by application method (trailing shoe versus broadcast) and season of application (spring versus summer), using 15 N as a tracer. In 2007 and 2008, 15 N enriched slurry was applied on grassland plots. N recovery in herbage and soil during the year of application was determined. Both spring and trailing shoe application resulted in significantly higher herbage DM yields, N uptake and an increased recovery of 15 NH 4 -N in herbage. Additionally, the recovery of slurry 15 NH 4 -N in the soil at the end of the growing season was increased. Spring and trailing shoe application reduced the losses of slurry 15 NH 4 -N by on average 14 and 18 percentage points, respectively, which corresponded closely to ammonia volatilisation as predicted by the ALFAM model. It was concluded that slurry N recovery in temperate pasture systems can be increased by adjusting the slurry application method or timing.

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“…However, improvement has been made, from constant emission models (Singles et al, 1998), and sine functions; which was first derived for TREND (Asman, 1992), and has also been applied in various of the early versions of the EMEP model (Hov et al, 1994;Olendrzynski et al, 2000), and the ACDEP model (Hertel et al, 1995;Ambelas Skjøth et al, 2002). Recently, with information on agricultural practices being more available, NH 3 emissions are more often modelled in a more dynamic way (Génermont and Cellier, 1997;Søgaard et al, 2002;Van Jaarsveld, 2004;Pinder et al, 2004;Sommer et al, 2006;Pinder et al, 2006). The current versions of TREND and OPS use detailed parameterizations of the diurnal and seasonal variations in the NH 3 emission rate that are based on dynamic models (Van Jaarsveld, 2004).…”

Section: Ammonia Emissions From Hot Spotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonia Deposition Near Hot Spots: Processes, Models and Monitoring Methods

Loubet¹,

Asman

Theobald

et al.

Atmospheric Ammonia

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ABSTRACT. Atmospheric reduced nitrogen (NH x ) mainly originates from hot spots, which can be considered as intensive area or point sources. A large fraction of the emitted NH x may be recaptured by the surrounding vegetation, hence reducing the contribution of these hot spots to long-range transport of NH x . This paper reviews the processes leading to local recapture of NH x near hot spots as well as existing models and monitoring methods. The existing models range from research models to more operational models that can be coupled with long-range transport model provided the necessary information on emissions is available. Local recapture of NH 3 ranges from 2% to 60% within 2 km of a hot-spot and it is sensitive to source height, atmospheric stability, wind speed, structure of the surrounding canopies, as well as stomatal absorption, which mainly depends on green leaf area index and stomatal NH 3 compensation point of vegetation, and finally, cuticular deposition, which depends primarily on vegetation wetness. The main uncertainties and limitations on NH x recapture models and monitoring techniques are discussed.

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Ammonia volatilization from field-applied animal slurry—the ALFAM model

Cited by 202 publications

References 22 publications

Energy requirements and environmental impacts associated with the production of short rotation willow (Salix sp.) chip in Ireland

Energy requirements and environmental impacts associated with the production of short rotation willow (Salix sp.) chip in Ireland

Slurry 15NH4-N recovery in herbage and soil: effects of application method and timing

Ammonia Deposition Near Hot Spots: Processes, Models and Monitoring Methods

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