Ammonia Volatilization from Surface‐Applied Poultry Litter under Conservation Tillage Management Practices

Sharpe, R. R.; Schomberg, Harry H.; Harper, Lisa C.; Endale, Dinku M.; Jenkins, Michael B.; Franzluebbers, Alan J.

doi:10.2134/jeq2004.1183

Cited by 96 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…This provides a strong impetus for efforts in both energy production and waste reduction. For example, more than 12 million dry tonnes of litter is generated every year from the U.S. poultry industry [6], and proper disposal of this waste presents a major challenge. Pyrolysis of poultry litter to produce bioenergy and biochar has been suggested as a potential solution to this challenge [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar‐mediated reductive transformation of nitro herbicides and explosives

Oh¹,

Son²,

Chiu³

2013

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

129

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Abstract-Biochar, a subset of black carbon produced via pyrolysis of biomass, has received much attention in recent years due to its potential to address many important issues, from energy and climate to agriculture and environmental quality. Biochar is known to influence the fate and transport of organic contaminants, although its role has been generally assumed to be as an adsorbent. In this study, the authors investigated the ability of biochar to catalyze the reductive reactions of nitro herbicides and explosives. Two biochars, derived from poultry litter and wastewater biosolids, were found to promote the reductive removal of the dinitro herbicides pendimethalin and trifluralin and the explosives 2,4-dinitrotoluene and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) by dithiothreitol. Parallel experiments using another black carbon material, graphite powder or granular activated carbon, in place of a biochar resulted in comparable rate enhancement to show reduction products, such as 2,4-diaminotoluene and formaldehyde. A cyclization product of trifluralin and reduction products of dinitrotoluene and RDX were detected only when biochar and dithiothreitol were both present, supporting the ability of biochar to promote redox reactions. Three possible catalysts, including graphene moieties, surface functional groups, and redox-active metals, in biochar may be responsible for the biochar-mediated reactions. The environmental significance, implications, and applications of this previously unrecognized role of biochar are discussed. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2013;32:501-508. # 2012 SETAC

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar‐mediated reductive transformation of nitro herbicides and explosives

Oh¹,

Son²,

Chiu³

2013

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

129

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“…The peak of ammonia volatilization from the soil treated with conventional urea alone occurred a week later than what has normally been observed (Sangoi et al, 2003;Sharpe et al, 2004;Tasca et al, 2011;Oliveira et al, 2014). The delay in this peak in our study is probably due to the low temperatures during the experimental period, a mean of 15 °C (Figure 1), and this may have negatively affected urease activity and urea hydrolysis (Clay et al, 1990).…”

Section: Peak Of Volatilizationmentioning

confidence: 39%

“…Sharpe et al (2004) measured ammonia volatilization after addition of poultry litter to the soil and found losses up to 3.3 and 24 % of the total N applied in the winter and summer, respectively, where the highest values occurred in periods of high temperatures, drought, and high wind. Following urea application, ammonia volatilization may range from negligible values (Viero et al, 2014) up to more than 40 % of the total N applied (Oliveira et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addition of Urease Inhibitor Has No Effect on Ammonia Volatilization Following Soil Application of Poultry Litter or Organomineral Fertilizer, Unlike Urea

Lourenço

Ernani

Corrêa

et al. 2016

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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Quantification of ammonia volatilization after addition of animal residues and nitrogen (N) mineral fertilizers to the soil is important for N management in fertilization programs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding a urease inhibitor to N fertilizers to minimize ammonia losses following soil application. The experiment was carried out in a laboratory with samples of a Brazilian Oxisol containing 790 g kg -1 clay and 23 g kg -1 organic matter. Treatments consisted of addition of poultry litter (PL), organic mineral fertilizer (OMF) and urea to the soil, with and without the urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT), plus a control with no fertilizer. We applied the fertilizers over the soil surface, with no soil incorporation, at a rate of 200 mg kg -1 N. Experimental units consisted of PVC tubes with a diameter of 0.15 m, containing 1.0 kg of soil (dry basis). Ammonia volatilization was measured for 56 days following fertilizer application to the soil using sponge discs impregnated with phosphoric acid and glycerin, which were fitted inside the tubes 0.15 m above the soil surface. Ammonia volatilization peaks varied according to the fertilizer, and most of them occurred in the first 15 days following application to the soil. Total ammonia volatilized from the soil treated with PL or OMF had no influence on the urease inhibitor, probably because the losses were small, attaining a maximum of 2.5 and 9 % of the total N applied, respectively. In the treatment that received urea, NBPT delayed the peak of volatilization by three weeks and decreased the loss of ammonia from 22 to 9 % of the N applied. Use of urease inhibitor does not always decrease ammonia volatilization, especially when mixed with fertilizers in which urea is not the only source of N.

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“…However, these NH 3 emissions are also a significant environmental concern because they contribute to acid rain (Sharpe et al 2004), soil acidification (van Breemen et al 1982), and N enrichment of surface waters (Hutchinson and Viets 1969;Schroder 1985;Fisher and Oppenheimer 1991). Ammonia is a chemically active gas that readily combines with nitrates and sulfates in the atmosphere to form fine particulate matter, which has been implicated in human respiratory problems and led to revised air quality standards in the United States (Dell et al 2012;Sommer and Hutchings 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unfortunately, existing farm equipment can only apply poultry litter in conservation tillage and no-till systems by broadcasting it on the soil surface. This method leaves the litter exposed to the atmosphere, allowing substantial NH 3 volatilization (Brady 1990;Chapman and Snyder 1992;Nathan and Malzer 1994;Sharpe et al 2004), as well as nutrient losses in runoff (Edwards and Daniel 1993;Pote et al 2003). Research has shown that N losses through NH 3 volatilization from surface-applied poultry litter can reach as high as 60% of total N applied, depending on litter characteristics and environmental factors (Brinson et al 1994;Cabrera et al 1993;Cabrera and Chiang 1994;Marshall et al 1998).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of poultry litter application method on ammonia volatilization from a conservation tillage system

Pote¹,

Meisinger²

2014

Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

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Ammonia (NH 3 ) volatilization from agricultural fields is important economically as a direct loss of the valuable crop nutrient nitrogen (N), but it can also be a significant environmental concern for soil, air, and water quality of nearby ecosystems. As poultry production has expanded in cropland areas of the southeastern United States, poultry litter has become a major source of crop nutrients for farmers using conservation tillage systems. However, the conventional application method of broadcasting poultry litter on the soil surface can allow as much as 60% of the applied litter N to volatilize as NH 3 . To provide management options that can prevent NH 3 losses and help farmers use poultry litter nutrients more efficiently, a research team at USDA's Agricultural Research Service developed a prototype tractor-drawn implement for subsurface application of dry poultry litter in perennial pasture and conservation tillage systems. When compared to surface broadcasting, previous research showed that subsurface application of poultry litter decreased odor problems, increased crop yields, prevented more than 90% of nutrient losses in runoff, and prevented NH 3 volatilization from perennial pasture systems. The current study was conducted to expand our knowledge regarding the effect of this litter application method on NH 3 volatilization from row-crop conservation tillage systems. For two consecutive summers, field plots with a uniform high-residue surface cover of chopped wheat straw received about 5,000 kg ha -1 (4,500 lb ac -1) of poultry litter applied by surface spreading with no incorporation, surface spreading followed by light disking, or subsurface banding using the prototype USDA ARS applicator. Small mobile wind tunnels monitored NH 3 volatilization for at least five days after each litter treatment. Results for both years showed that NH 3 losses were consistently affected by diurnal variations that were closely related to the vapor pressure deficit. Compared to conventional surface spreading of poultry litter, NH 3 volatilization decreased an average of 67% when the litter application was followed by light disking, and decreased an average of 88% when the litter was applied below the soil surface using the prototype applicator. These data show that subsurface injection of dry poultry litter can preserve adequate surface cover for conservation needs while constraining NH 3 losses to minimal levels, thus conserving N for row crops and reducing potential nitrogen losses to the environment.

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Ammonia Volatilization from Surface‐Applied Poultry Litter under Conservation Tillage Management Practices

Cited by 96 publications

References 27 publications

Biochar‐mediated reductive transformation of nitro herbicides and explosives

Biochar‐mediated reductive transformation of nitro herbicides and explosives

Addition of Urease Inhibitor Has No Effect on Ammonia Volatilization Following Soil Application of Poultry Litter or Organomineral Fertilizer, Unlike Urea

Effect of poultry litter application method on ammonia volatilization from a conservation tillage system

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