Ammonium Dinitramide/Glycidyl Azide Polymer (Adn/Gap) Composite Propellants With and Without Metallic Fuels

High-Energy Composite Fuels with Improved Combustion Efficiency by Using AlH3 Embedded with Al Particles

“…3,6 The specific impulse can reach 296 s by replacing Al with AlH 3 in ammonium dinitramide (ADN)/glycidyl-azide polymer (GAP) propellants, 7.64− 11.70% higher than that of ADN/Al/GAP-or AP/Al/HTPBbased propellants. 18 However, AlH 3 is not so stable, and it also has a compatibility problem with nitric esters, resulting in higher reactivity. Therefore, the most widely studied aspect of AlH thermal decomposition properties at lower heating rates, but the corresponding research contents on AlH 3 -based propellants are not so rich.…”

“…AlH 3 exhibits a hydrogen content of 10 wt % or volumetric density (0.148 kg L –1 ), which is twice higher than that of liquid hydrogen. , It has been demonstrated that substituting Al with AlH 3 can significantly improve the specific impulses with reduced two-phase flow losses. − Noteworthily, compared with traditional Al-based propellants, AlH 3 can reduce the adiabatic flame temperature as well (e.g., 3310 and 3912 K in 1.0 MPa air), resulting in less nozzle ablation, but the corresponding propellants are of higher specific impulse. ,, Moreover, according to the NASA CEA calculation results, replacing Al with AlH 3 could result in a 10% increase in specific impulse and a 5% reduction in flame temperature compared to the conventional Al/ammonium perchlorate (AP)/hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) propellant. , The specific impulse can reach 296 s by replacing Al with AlH 3 in ammonium dinitramide (ADN)/glycidyl-azide polymer (GAP) propellants, 7.64–11.70% higher than that of ADN/Al/GAP- or AP/Al/HTPB-based propellants …”

Improving the Mechanical Properties of Glycidyl Azide Polymeric Matrix Used in Composite Solid Rocket Propellant by Adding Advanced Cross‐Linker

“…Glycidyl azide polymer (GAP) is an energetic binder used to produce propellants with performance higher than HTPB based traditional CSRP . GAP polymeric matrix, containing highly energetic azide group (C‐N3 group), could be combined with energetic oxidizer such as ammonium dinitramide (ADN) to produce a propellant with high performance, high thermal stability and chlorine‐free exhaust . The GAP binder has several advantages; it has high heat of formation (+117.2 kJ · mol –1 ) compatible with several oxidizers and highly exothermic decomposition due to the energy produced during the decomposition of the azide group .…”