Ammonium formation and assimilation in PSARK∷IPT tobacco transgenic plants under low N

Rubio-Wilhelmi, María del Mar; Sánchez-Rodríguez, Eva; Rosales, Miguel A.; Blasco, Begoña; Ríos, Juan J.; Romero, Luís; Blumwald, Eduardo; Ruiz, Juan M.

doi:10.1016/j.jplph.2011.09.011

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…This might reflect an elevated dark-induced activity for N remobilisation by a temporary accumulation of metabolite precursors of asn synthesis like asp and gln [ 57 ]. In this regard, it was reported that protein degradation results in an increase in the Gln-synthetase/Glu-synthase (GS/GOGAT) cycle and that amounts of glu and gln increased, although overall amino acids decreased with N deficiency [ 59 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen remobilisation facilitates adventitious root formation on reversible dark-induced carbohydrate depletion in Petunia hybrida

et al. 2016

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BackgroundAdventitious root (AR) formation in axillary shoot tip cuttings is a crucial physiological process for ornamental propagation that is utilised in global production chains for young plants. In this process, the nitrogen and carbohydrate metabolisms of a cutting are regulated by its total nitrogen content (Nt), dark exposure during transport and irradiance levels at distinct production sites and phases through a specific plasticity to readjust metabolite pools. Here, we examined how elevated Nt contents with a combined dark exposure of cuttings influence their internal N-pools including free amino acids and considered early anatomic events of AR formation as well as further root development in Petunia hybrida cuttings.ResultsEnhanced Nt contents of unrooted cuttings resulted in elevated total free amino acid levels and in particular glutamate (glu) and glutamine (gln) in leaf and basal stem. N-allocation to mobile N-pools increased whereas the allocation to insoluble protein-N declined. A dark exposure of cuttings conserved initial Nt and nitrate-N, while it reduced insoluble protein-N and increased soluble protein, amino- and amide-N. The increase of amino acids mainly comprised asparagine (asn), aspartate (asp) and arginine (arg) in the leaves, with distinct tissue specific responses to an elevated N supply. Dark exposure induced an early transient rise of asp followed by a temporary increase of glu. A strong positive N effect of high Nt contents of cuttings on AR formation after 384 h was observed. Root meristematic cells developed at 72 h with a negligible difference for two Nt levels. After 168 h, an enhanced Nt accelerated AR formation and gave rise to first obvious fully developed roots while only meristems were formed with a low Nt. However, dark exposure for 168 h promoted AR formation particularly in cuttings with a low Nt to such an extent so that the benefit of the enhanced Nt was almost compensated. Combined dark exposure and low Nt of cuttings strongly reduced shoot growth during AR formation.ConclusionsThe results indicate that both enhanced Nt content and dark exposure of cuttings reinforced N signals and mobile N resources in the stem base facilitated by senescence-related proteolysis in leaves. Based on our results, a model of N mobilisation concomitant with carbohydrate depletion and its significance for AR formation is postulated.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12870-016-0901-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen remobilisation facilitates adventitious root formation on reversible dark-induced carbohydrate depletion in Petunia hybrida

et al. 2016

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“…Total N content (TNC) was expressed as mg g −1 DW and represents the sum of organic N, NH 4 + , and NO 3 − (Ríos et al, 2010). Total N accumulation (TNA) was calculated as the result of TNC divided by total DW as described in Sorgona et al (2006), and results were expressed as mg of N. NUE is commonly defined as vegetative yield per unit of N available to the crop (g DW g −1 N; Moll et al, 1982;Woodend and Glass, 1993;Rubio-Wilhelmi et al, 2012) and can be subdivided into two types: (i) N utilization efficiency (NU T E) calculated as total DW divided by TNC (g 2 DW mg −1 N; Siddiqi and Glass, 1981) and (ii) N uptake efficiency (NU P E) calculated as TNA divided by root DW (mg N g −1 root DW; Elliott and Laeuchli, 1985).…”

Section: Nutrient Content and Nue Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both are considered important traits in agriculture to reduce the abusive use of N fertilizers or when low N availability constrains plant growth, with substantial benefits for farmers and to the environment (Baligar et al, 2001;Han et al, 2016). Crops with higher NUE promote greater yields under limited N in soil, or require lower N to produce the same yield as those with lower NUE capacity (Ruiz et al, 2006;Kant et al, 2011;Rubio-Wilhelmi et al, 2012). Therefore, when NUE is increased, both crop-production costs and the harmful input of NO 3 − into ecosystems are reduced.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chloride Improves Nitrate Utilization and NUE in Plants

et al. 2020

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Chloride (Cl − ) has traditionally been considered harmful to agriculture because of its toxic effects in saline soils and its antagonistic interaction with nitrate (NO 3 − ), which impairs NO 3 − nutrition. It has been largely believed that Cl − antagonizes NO 3 − uptake and accumulation in higher plants, reducing crop yield. However, we have recently uncovered that Cl − has new beneficial macronutrient functions that improve plant growth, tissue water balance, plant water relations, photosynthetic performance, and water-use efficiency. The increased plant biomass indicates in turn that Cl − may also improve nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Considering that N availability is a bottleneck for the growth of land plants excessive NO 3 − fertilization frequently used in agriculture becomes a major environmental concern worldwide, causing excessive leaf NO 3 − accumulation in crops such as vegetables, which poses a potential risk to human health. New farming practices aimed to enhance plant NUE by reducing NO 3 − fertilization should promote a healthier and more sustainable agriculture. Given the strong interaction between Cl − and NO 3 − homeostasis in plants, we have verified if indeed Cl − affects NO 3 − accumulation and NUE in plants. For the first time to our knowledge, we provide a direct demonstration which shows that Cl − , contrary to impairing NO 3 − nutrition, facilitates NO 3 − utilization and improves NUE in plants. This is largely due to Cl − improvement of the N-NO 3 − utilization efficiency (NU T E), having little or moderate effect on N-NO 3 − uptake efficiency (NU P E) when NO 3 − is used as the sole N source. Clear positive correlations between leaf Cl − content vs. NUE/NU T E or plant growth have been established at both intra-and interspecies levels. Optimal NO 3 − vs. Cl − ratios become a useful tool to increase crop yield and quality, agricultural sustainability and to reduce the negative ecological impact of NO 3 − on the environment and on human health.

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“…Meanwhile, plants naturally contain low levels of secondary metabolites, and improving their yield has become crucial in developing natural drugs. The biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites is strictly regulated by internal and external factors, involves complicated regulatory mechanisms, and is more vulnerable to external factors than that of primary metabolites (Li et al 1994;Fritz et al 2006;Rubio-Wilhelmi et al 2012a, 2012bSicher et al 2012). Specific plant physiological and biochemical reactions may be observed prominently under specific ecological conditions (Rubio-Wilhelmi et al 2012b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites is strictly regulated by internal and external factors, involves complicated regulatory mechanisms, and is more vulnerable to external factors than that of primary metabolites (Li et al 1994;Fritz et al 2006;Rubio-Wilhelmi et al 2012a, 2012bSicher et al 2012). Specific plant physiological and biochemical reactions may be observed prominently under specific ecological conditions (Rubio-Wilhelmi et al 2012b). Various environmental factors, including light, temperature, soil, air, and biological factors can affect the levels of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants (Van Arendonk et al 1998;Sanchez et al 2004;Aguirre et al 2006;Maathuis 2009;Basyunia et al 2012;Sicher et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Drought and Nitrogen on Betulin and Oleanolic Acid Accumulation and OSC Gene Expression in White Birch Saplings

et al. 2014

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Ammonium formation and assimilation in PSARK∷IPT tobacco transgenic plants under low N

Cited by 21 publications

References 44 publications

Nitrogen remobilisation facilitates adventitious root formation on reversible dark-induced carbohydrate depletion in Petunia hybrida

Nitrogen remobilisation facilitates adventitious root formation on reversible dark-induced carbohydrate depletion in Petunia hybrida

Chloride Improves Nitrate Utilization and NUE in Plants

Effect of Drought and Nitrogen on Betulin and Oleanolic Acid Accumulation and OSC Gene Expression in White Birch Saplings

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