Ammonium Hexafluorosilicate (AHFS) Modified HMCM‐22 As Efficient Catalysts for Alkylation of Phenol with Methanol

Abstract

A series of xAHFS/HMCM-22 (x denotes the amount of AHFS treatment on HMCM-22, AHFS is the abbreviation for ammonium hexafluorosilicate) were prepared and evaluated in the catalytic synthesis of p-cresol by alkylation of phenol with methanol. Several characterization techniques including N 2 adsorption-desorption, XRD, FT-IR, 27 Al MAS NMR, Pyridine-IR, and NH 3 -TPD have been used to analyze the physicochemical properties of the xAHFS/HMCM-22 catalyst. The conversion of phenol decreased with increasing x of xAHFS/HMCM-22 catalyst; while the selectivity for p-cresol maximized at x = 0.07. The 0.07AHFS/HMCM-22 catalyst was identified as the most efficient catalyst, showing the highest p-cresol selectivity (53.3 %) for longer than 24 h under optimized reaction conditions (325 °C, WHSV = 2 h À 1 ), which is much higher than that of parent HMCM-22 catalyst (37.1 %). The high p-cresol selectivity of the catalyst is attributed to AHFS removing part of the acid sites on the external surface of the HMCM-22, and preserving the acid sites in the micropores of zeolite. By contrast, the decrease in catalyst activity is due to the decrease in total acid sites.

Highly efficient oxidation of ethyl lactate to ethyl pyruvate with molecular oxygen over VxOy/SBA-15 catalysts

“…The peaks located at approximately 1630 and 3500 cm −1 were attributed to the bending vibration of OH (physically adsorbed water) and the stretching vibration of the OH group on the catalyst surface. [30][31][32] The three obvious absorption peaks at 470, 800, and 1080 cm −1 corresponded to the Si-O-Si vibrations of SBA-15. 26 In addition, a shoulder peak at 970 cm −1 was also observed, which is attributed to the Si-OH vibrations of SBA-15.…”