Ammonium loss and nitrogen isotopic fractionation in biotite as a function of metamorphic grade in metapelites from western Maine, USA

Plessen, Birgit; Harlov, Daniel E.; Henry, Darrell J.; Guidotti, Charles V.

doi:10.1016/j.gca.2010.05.021

Cited by 29 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The NH 4 content of this phengite was carefully determined by two independent methods, which were described in detail by Mingram and Bräuer (2001) and Plessen et al (2010). Prior to analysis, separated phengite crystals (up to 1 mm in diameter) were ground to <63 μm in an agate mortar.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prior to analysis, separated phengite crystals (up to 1 mm in diameter) were ground to <63 μm in an agate mortar. After being dried at 110 °C, approximately 30 mg of the sample powder was loaded into tin capsules and measured for (1) total nitrogen using an elemental analyzer NA1500 coupled via a ConFlow II with an isotopic ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS) DELTA plus XL (ThermoFischer); for the extraction of (2) NH 4 + -nitrogen the HF-digestion and distillation techniques were used (Plessen et al 2010). Approximately 200 to 500 mg of dried sample was weighed into polypropylene bottles and then digested using 5 mL of 40% HF and 1 mL 0.1 N H 2 SO 4 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, BN-based EMP analyses of biotite (wet chemical analyses given in Plessen et al 2010) gave apparent concentrations that are too high by a factor of three. We, therefore, conclude that boron nitride is an inappropriate nitrogen standard for EMP analyses of silicates and dismissed these values.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthetic and natural ammonium-bearing tourmaline

Wunder

Berryman

Plessen

et al. 2014

American Mineralogist

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Due to the similar ionic radius of K + and NH 4 + , K-silicates can incorporate a significant amount of NH 4 . As tourmaline is able to accommodate K in its crystal structure at high and ultrahigh pressure, we test if this also holds true for NH 4 .Piston-cylinder experiments in the system (NH 4 ) 2 O-MgO-SiO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -B 2 O 3 -H 2 O at 4.0 GPa, 700 °C, with B 2 O 3 and NH 4 OH in excess produce an assemblage of tourmaline, phengite, and coesite. The tourmaline crystals are up to 10 × 40 μm in size. EMP analyses indicate that the tourmalines contain 0.22 (±0.03) wt% (NH 4 ) 2 O and are solid solutions mainly along the magnesio-foitite and "NH 4 -dravite" join with the average structural formula X [(NH 4 ) 0.08(1) o 0.92(1) ] Y [Mg 2.28(8) Al 0.72(8) ] Z [Al 5.93(6) Si 0.07(6) ] T [Si 6.00(5) O 18 ](BO 3 ) 3 (OH) 4 .NH 4 incorporation is confirmed by characteristic stretching and bending modes in the IRspectra of single crystals on synthetic tourmaline. Further evidence is the increased unit-cell parameters of the tourmaline [a = 15.9214(9) Å, c = 7.1423(5) Å, V = 1567.9(2) Å 3 ] relative to pure magnesio-foitite.Incorporation of NH 4 in natural tourmaline was tested in a tourmaline-bearing mica schists from a high-P/low-T (>1.2 GPa/550 °C) metasedimentary unit of the Erzgebirge, Germany, rich in NH 4 . The NH 4 -concentrations in the three main NH 4 -bearing phases are: biotite (~1400 ppm) > phengite (~700 ppm) > tourmaline (~500 ppm). This indicates that tourmaline can act as important carrier of nitrogen between the crust and the deep Earth, which has important implications for a better understanding of the large-scale light element cycle.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthetic and natural ammonium-bearing tourmaline

Wunder

Berryman

Plessen

et al. 2014

American Mineralogist

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“…However, the overall effect is variable and not always expressed (Busigny et al, 2003;Plessen et al, 2010;Yui et al, 2009), which prohibits precise corrections. However, the effect appears to be insignificant below greenschist facies (<1‰) and minor within the greenschist facies (1-2‰) (reviewed by Ader et al, 2016;Thomazo and Papineau, 2013).…”

Section: Preservation Of Nitrogen Isotopes In the Rock Recordmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of Earth's biogeochemical nitrogen cycle

Stüeken

Kipp

Koehler

et al. 2016

Earth-Science Reviews

329

287

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Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for all life on Earth and it acts as a major control on biological productivity in the modern ocean. Accurate reconstructions of the evolution of life over the course of the last four billion years therefore demand a better understanding of nitrogen bioavailability and speciation through time. The biogeochemical nitrogen cycle has evidently been closely tied to the redox state of the ocean and atmosphere. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that the Earth"s surface has passed in a non-linear fashion from an anoxic state in the Hadean to an oxic state in the later Phanerozoic. It is therefore likely that the nitrogen cycle has changed markedly over time, with potentially severe implications for the productivity and evolution of the biosphere. Here we compile nitrogen isotope data from the literature and review our current understanding of the evolution of the nitrogen cycle, with particular emphasis on the Precambrian. Combined with recent work on redox conditions, trace metal availability, sulfur and iron cycling on the early Earth, we then use the nitrogen isotope record as a platform to test existing and new hypotheses about biogeochemical pathways that may have controlled nitrogen availability through time. Among other things, we conclude that (a) abiotic nitrogen sources were likely insufficient to sustain a large biosphere, thus favoring an early origin of biological N 2 fixation, (b) evidence of nitrate in the Neoarchean and Paleoproterozoic confirm current views of increasing surface oxygen levels at those times, (c) abundant ferrous iron and sulfide in the midPrecambrian ocean may have affected the speciation and size of the fixed nitrogen reservoir, and (d) nitrate availability alone was not a major driver of eukaryotic evolution.

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“…In the crust, during metamorphism of sediments, there is a significant loss of ammonium during devolatilisation, which is associated with a nitrogen fractionation, leaving behind 15 N residues (Haendel et al 1986;Bebout and Fogel 1992;Jia 2006;Plessen et al 2010). Thus high-grade metamorphic rocks and granites are relatively enriched in 15 N and typically have δ 15 N-values between 8 and 10 ‰.…”

Section: Nitrogen Isotope Distribution In the Earthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isotope Fractionation Processes of Selected Elements

Hoefs

2015

Stable Isotope Geochemistry

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Ammonium loss and nitrogen isotopic fractionation in biotite as a function of metamorphic grade in metapelites from western Maine, USA

Cited by 29 publications

References 57 publications

Synthetic and natural ammonium-bearing tourmaline

Synthetic and natural ammonium-bearing tourmaline

The evolution of Earth's biogeochemical nitrogen cycle

Isotope Fractionation Processes of Selected Elements

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