Ammonium Perchlorate as an Effective Additive for Enhancing the Combustion and Propulsion Performance of Al/CuO Nanothermites

Dai, Ji; Wang, Fei; Ru, Chengbo; Wang, Chengai; Zhang, Wei; Shen, Ruiqi

doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b01514

Cited by 68 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Thermal behavior is commonly used to evaluate the reactivity and ignition sensitivity of nano-thermite [25]. To analyze the laser-induced ignition mechanism of the RMFs, the reaction activation energy of the three types of RMFs with different heating rates were analyzed and calculated.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Precisely Controlled Reactive Multilayer Films with Excellent Energy Release Property for Laser-Induced Ignition

et al. 2019

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Three types of reactive multilayer films (RMFs) were integrated to the energetic flyer plates (EFPs) by depositing TiO 2 , MnO 2 , and CuO onto aluminum films with different modulation periods using magnetron sputtering technology in this study. The effects of the laser ignition property and laser reflectivity on the RMFs and the thermal behavior of the RMFs were analyzed and compared with those of a single-layer Al film. A high-speed video, photonic Doppler velocimetry (PDV), and a thermal analysis were utilized to characterize the flame morphology, EFP velocity, and chemical thermal behavior, respectively. The surface reflectivities of the TiO 2 /Al, MnO 2 /Al, and CuO/Al layers were measured using laser reflectivity spectrometers. The results showed that RMFs with smaller modulation periods exhibited excellent laser ignition performances, and EFP with MnO 2 /Al had the best performance. These RMFs achieved flame durations of 120–220 μs, maximum flame areas of 7.523–11.476 mm 2 , and reaction areas of 0.153–0.434 mm 2 (laser-induced with 32.20 J/cm 2 ). Flyer velocities of 3972–5522 m/s were obtained in the EFPs by changing the material and modulation period of the RMFs. Furthermore, the rate of the chemical reaction and laser energy utilization were also enhanced by reducing the modulation period and using different material. This behavior was consistent with a one-dimensional nanosecond-laser-induced plasma model. The RMFs of MnO 2 /Al exhibited the highest level of energy release and promoted laser energy utilization, which could better improve the performance of laser ignition for practical application. Graphical Abstract

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Kissinger method was used to obtain the RMF reaction activation energy ( E a ) of the exothermic peak [25]. The DTA data of various RMFs were fitted using the Kissinger method at different heating rates of 5 to 20 °C min −1 , as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Precisely Controlled Reactive Multilayer Films with Excellent Energy Release Property for Laser-Induced Ignition

et al. 2019

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“…Immediately after this step, the thermal decomposition of AP is controlled by two distinguished exothermic pathways which are known as low temperature decomposition (LTD) and high temperature decomposition (HTD) [10]. Although attempts to understand the mechanism of thermal decomposition of AP have been subject of several studies, it still remains a matter of debate [11]. Based on various studies, proton and electron transfer mechanisms were associated with LTD and HTD, respectively [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Based Additives Impact on Thermal Behavior of Ammonium Perchlorate: Superior 4, 4′‐Bipyridine Versus Inferior Biphenyl

Salehi

Eslami

2021

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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For the first time, the thermal decomposition behavior of heterogeneous mixtures of ammonium perchlorate (AP) with two organic additives – 4, 4’‐Bipyridine, and biphenyl – were investigated. The heterogeneous mixtures of the additives and ammonium perchlorate were prepared by dissolving 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mg of the organic additives and 100 mg ammonium perchlorate in 2 ml of methanol as solvent. After that, the thermal decomposition behavior of prepared solid heterogeneous mixtures was monitored by thermogravimetry analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and mass spectrometry analysis. The effect of the 4, 4’‐Bipyridine on thermal decomposition of AP enhanced the released heat from 479 to 1842 J g−1 and produced a decrease of decomposition temperature from 433 °C to 308 °C while the thermal decomposition of AP in the presence of biphenyl did not change as dramatically as it did with 4, 4’‐Bipyridine. With biphenyl, the decomposition temperature was found to be similar to that of pure AP and the evolved heat was about 718 J g−1. The gaseous products of decomposition of 4, 4’‐Bipyridine /ammonium perchlorate were monitored by mass spectrometric analysis. The main evolved decomposition gases of pure AP are N2O, O2, Cl2, ClO, ClO2, ClO3, HClO4, and HCl, while the major gaseous products of the 5:100 (w/w) mixture of 4, 4’‐Bipyridine with AP were detected as N2, NO, N2O, O2, Cl2, ClO, ClO2, ClO3, HClO4, HCl and 4, 4’‐Bipyridine. The change in the composition of volatile products indicates a change in the mechanism of AP decomposition from proton transfer to electron transfer in the presence of 4, 4’‐Bipyridine.

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“…Energetic materials (EMs) are widely used in both civilian and military elds (Dai et al 2018a; Ahn and Kim 2017). Propellants, as an important branch of EMs, are the main power source of rocket and missile motors (Wang et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Thermal Decomposition and Laser Ignition Properties of Nanostructured NC/Al/RDX Composite Fibers Fabricated by Electrospinning

Wang¹,

Li²,

Yang³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Nano Al has always been the research hotspot in the field of energetic materials because of its high energy density and combustion temperature, and has been considered as a fuel to enhance the energy release of various propulsive systems. In this work, nanocomposite fibers were fabricated by electrospinning technology, in which nano Al and recrystallized RDX particles were integrated with NC fibers. The morphology and chemical components of NC/Al, NC/RDX, and NC/Al/RDX composite fibers were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, SEM, TEM and BET. The agglomeration of nano Al particles in fibers is significantly inhibited, and the recrystallized RDX and nano Al particles are uniformly dispersed in NC fibers, resulting in the rough surfaces of the composite fibers. The thermal analysis shows that nano NC fibers have lower thermal decomposition temperature (202.1 ℃) and apparent activation energy (149.32 kJ mol-1) than raw NC (208.2 ℃ and 218.5 kJ mol-1), and NC/Al/RDX exhibits improved thermal decomposition properties compared with NC/RDX and NC/Al. The laser ignition experiments suggest that the uniformly dispersed nano Al particles could obviously promote the combustion and shorten ignition delay time. However, RDX may delay ignition due to its high decomposition temperature, but can significantly enhance the combustion properties of NC/Al/RDX fibers. Among the all samples, the NC/Al/RDX (1:1:0.2) exhibits shortest ignition delay time and most violent combustion flames, which can be attributed to the fibrous structure and the enhanced heat and mass transfer between the components.

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Ammonium Perchlorate as an Effective Additive for Enhancing the Combustion and Propulsion Performance of Al/CuO Nanothermites

Cited by 68 publications

References 39 publications

Precisely Controlled Reactive Multilayer Films with Excellent Energy Release Property for Laser-Induced Ignition

Precisely Controlled Reactive Multilayer Films with Excellent Energy Release Property for Laser-Induced Ignition

Organic Based Additives Impact on Thermal Behavior of Ammonium Perchlorate: Superior 4, 4′‐Bipyridine Versus Inferior Biphenyl

Enhanced Thermal Decomposition and Laser Ignition Properties of Nanostructured NC/Al/RDX Composite Fibers Fabricated by Electrospinning

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