aMMP-8 Oral Fluid PoC Test in Relation to Oral and Systemic Diseases

Abstract

The manuscript uses the previously published literature and highlights the benefits of active-matrix metalloproteinase (aMMP)-8 chairside/point-of-care (PoC) diagnostic tools as adjunctive measures in oral and systemic diseases. Previous studies suggest that as a biomarker, aMMP-8 is more precise than total MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-13, MMP-7, MMP-1, calprotectin, myeloperoxidase (MPO), human neutrophil elastase (HNE), tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, and bleeding of probing (BOP). Therefore, aMMP-8 could be implemented as the needed key biomarker for the new disease classification for both periodontitis and peri-implantitis. With a sensitivity to the tune of 75–85% and specificity in the range of 80–90%, lateral flow aMMP-8 PoC testing is comparable to catalytic protease activity assays for aMMP-8. The test can be further applied to estimate the glycemic status of an individual, to ascertain whether a person is at risk for COVID-19, in managing the oral side effects of radiotherapy carried in head and neck cancers, and in selected cases pertaining to reproductive health. In the future, aMMP-8 could find application as a potential systemic biomarker in diseases affecting the cardiovascular system, cancers, bacteremia, sepsis, diabetes, obesity, meningitis, as well as pancreatitis. The aMMP-8 PoCT is the first practical test in the emerging new dental clinical field, that is, oral clinical chemistry representing oral medicine, clinical chemistry, peri-implantology, and periodontology.

Identification of a miRNA Panel with a Potential Determinant Role in Patients Suffering from Periodontitis

“…Our research is focused on miRNA analysis as a potential biomarker for periodontal disease, with subsequent benefits in clinical protocols, and it involves highly trained specialists and financial resources. We consider it useful to identify patients at risk by using chairside point-of-care diagnostic technologies (PoCT) such as the aMMP-8 (active matrix metalloproteinase-8) oral fluid test as a first step in selecting more proper patients who require deeper and more complex investigations before implant placement [ 40 ]. Future research is required to validate the mechanism of these transcripts to potentially benefit from the angiogenic-related miRNAs’ roles in implant regeneration therapy.…”

The development of matrix-metalloproteinase responsive sensors for the machine-independent detection of oral inflammation

“…, PerioSafe®, Implant Safe®, Oral Risk Indicator®). 18 Using digital reader systems, quantifiability of the results and high sensitivity is possible, allowing the mapping of the different stages of periodontitis and the selection of appropriate therapeutic approaches. 19,20 In previous studies, we could achieve good results in the release of the bitter flavor with the electronic tongue using the precursor model, a particle-based sensor.…”

“…16,17 A well-known example of a US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-and EU-approved PoC test kit that uses mouth rinse samples rather than saliva is the commercially available aMMP-8-based lateral flow immunoassay (e.g., PerioSafe®, Implant Safe®, Oral Risk Indicator®). 18 Using digital reader systems, quantifiability of the results and high sensitivity is possible, allowing the mapping of the different stages of periodontitis and the selection of appropriate therapeutic approaches. 19,20 In previous studies, we could achieve good results in the release of the bitter flavor with the electronic tongue using the precursor model, a particle-based sensor.…”

Biomarker panel discriminates diabetics with and without periodontitis pre‐ and post‐therapy

“…These findings suggest that there is potential utility in the examination of oral fluid biomarkers to detect and better understand the biology of periodontitis in patients with and without T2DM 11–16 . Measurement of oral fluid biomarker concentrations also can provide clinical insight into the transition to periodontitis and early responses to treatment at the biological level, 14,17,18 which could serve as an important component of chairside diagnostics 19–24 . However, despite pro‐inflammatory (i.e., interleukin [IL]‐1b, and IL‐6) and collagen degradation (i.e., matrix metalloprotease [MMP]‐8) biomarker levels being detected in saliva of periodontitis patients without T2DM, 13,15,16,20,25 their presence in patients with T2DM, and their relationship with resistin, which is linked to obesity and diabetes, have not been fully explored with respect to severity of periodontitis or response to therapy 26–33 .…”