Amniotic fluid glucose concentration: A rapid and simple method for the detection of intraamniotic infection in preterm labor

Romero, Roberto; Jimenez, Carlos; Lohda, Ajay K.; Nores, Jose; Hanaoka, Shuichi; Avila, Cecilia; Callahan, Robert; Mazor, Moshe; Hobbins, John C.; Diamond, Michael P.

doi:10.1016/0002-9378(90)91106-m

Cited by 187 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Patients were enrolled at Hutzel Women’s Hospital of the Detroit Medical Center (September 2016 – January 2017). The first group of patients (n=57, absence of intra-amniotic infection/inflammation) was selected based on the following exclusion criteria: positive amniotic fluid culture 20, 39, 54 , white blood cell (WBC) count >50 cells/mm 3 23 , Glucose concentration <14 mg/dL 22 , amniotic fluid interleukin (IL)-6 concentration >2.6 ng/mL 39 , positive Gram stain 17 and/or bacterial live/dead staining 68 , and samples from women with an intra-uterine fetal demise and/or birth defects. A second group of patients with intra-amniotic infection/inflammation was also included (n=9).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The immunophenotype of amniotic fluid leukocytes in normal and complicated pregnancies

Gomez‐Lopez

Romero

et al. 2018

American J Rep Immunol

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Problem The immune cellular composition of amniotic fluid is poorly understood. Herein, we determined the immunophenotype of amniotic fluid: 1) immune cells during the second and third trimester; 2) T cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs); and 3) immune cells during intra-amniotic infection/inflammation. Method of Study Amniotic fluid samples (n=57) were collected from women from 15-40 weeks of gestation without intra-amniotic infection/inflammation. Samples from women with intra-amniotic infection/inflammation were also included (n=9). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy adults were used as controls (n=3). Immunophenotyping was performed using flow cytometry. Results In the absence of intra-amniotic infection/inflammation, the amniotic fluid contained several immune cell populations from 15-40 weeks. Among these immune cells: 1) T cells and ILCs were greater than B cells and NK cells between 15 to 30 weeks; 2) T cells were most abundant between 15 to 30 weeks; 3) ILCs were most abundant between 15 to 20 weeks; 4) B cells were scarce between 15 to 20 weeks; yet, they increased and were constant after 20 weeks; 5) NK cells were greater between 15 to 30 weeks than at term; 6) ILCs expressed high levels of RORγt, CD161, and CD103 (i.e. Group 3 ILCs); 7) T cells expressed high levels of RORγt; 8) neutrophils increased as gestation progressed; and 9) monocytes/macrophages emerged after 20 weeks and remained constant until term. All of the amniotic fluid immune cells, except ILCs, were increased in the presence of intra-amniotic infection/inflammation. Conclusions The amniotic fluid harbors a diverse immune cellular composition during normal and complicated pregnancies.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The immunophenotype of amniotic fluid leukocytes in normal and complicated pregnancies

Gomez‐Lopez

Romero

et al. 2018

American J Rep Immunol

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“…In fact evaluation of IL-6 [2,3] , IL-8 [4,5] , LE [6,7], and glucose [9,10] in the amniotic fl uid has previously been reported. In the present study, the 4 patients, who developed abortion, showed signifi cantly elevated concentrations of cytokines in their amniotic fl uid, while the concentrations of glucose were decreased.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In many cases, amniotic infection is in fact diagnosed not by detection of microorganisms but by evaluation of amniotic infl ammatory substances, such as interleukin (IL)-6 [2,3] , IL-8 [4,5], and leukocyte elastase (LE) [6,7] , or through fi ndings of white blood cells (WBC) [8] in amniotic fl uid obtained from patients in preterm labor. Furthermore, decrease in the amniotic glucose concentration has been proposed as a convenient marker of infectious amnion [9,10] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation Levels of Cytokines in Amniotic Fluid of Women with Intrauterine Infection in the Early Second Trimester

Suzuki¹,

Yamamoto²,

Kojima³

et al. 2005

Fetal Diagn Ther

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Amniotic fluid was obtained from 180 patients by amniocentesis at 16–22 weeks of gestation and assayed for the levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, leukocyte elastase (LE), and glucose. Ten of cases had clinical symptoms, such as uterine contraction, genital bleeding, and cervical ripening, and the other 170 were assessed for fetal chromosomal features. Four of the ten cases with uterine contraction developed abortion, while 10 of those screened had findings of fetal chromosomal anomalies, and 7 cases then underwent induced abortion artificially. In the cases of abortion, levels of IL-6, IL-8 and LE were higher than in the samples from the 160 pregnant women without clinical symptoms and a normal karyotype, while glucose in amniotic fluid was lower. Of 6 cases with clinical symptoms, but not developing abortion, 4 developed preterm labor, and in these IL-6 and IL-8 also were significantly elevated, with LE being slight high compared to normal. The results suggest that IL-6, IL-8, LE, and glucose in amniotic fluid at early second trimester can be used as markers of severe infection in the uterus, and with the first two being particularly sensitive.

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“…The importance of determining glucose in amniotic fl uid was also increased owing to the studies of Kirshon et al (13) and Romero et al (14), which focused on the determination of glucose concentration in amniotic fl uid as a value in the diagnosis of intraamniotic infection. Their results showed that higher levels of glucose are connected with bacterial infection (13,14). Amniotic fl uid glucose concentration is a very sensitive marker in predicting chorioamnionitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selected physicochemical properties of amniotic fluid according to week of pregnancy

Velika¹,

Birkova²,

Dudič³

et al. 2018

BLL

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BACKGROUND: A hundred years ago, scientists believed that amniotic fl uid is a yellowish hypotonic mixture of foetal urine and maternal transudate with peculiar odour. Current knowledge shows that it represents a dynamic, complex mixture of inorganic and organic compounds. OBJECTIVES: Despite modern technological procedures, information is still lacking about the composition and properties of amniotic fl uid. We focused on dynamics of selected physical and chemical properties of the amniotic fl uid with the increasing gestational week. METHODS: The physicochemical characteristics of 89 amniotic fl uid samples were determined according to the week of pregnancy. The determination of pH, specifi c gravity, glucose and nitrites was performed immediately, at room temperature. RESULTS: Our results show a signifi cant negative correlation between week of pregnancy and semi-quantitative determined parameters of specifi c gravity (p < 0.001), pH (p < 0.01) and glucose (p < 0.001) values. Within the whole group of samples (n = 89), 29 % (n = 26) were nitrites positive (N+) and 71 % (n = 63) nitrites negative (N-). CONCLUSION: In this study were determined basic parameters of amniotic fl uid, which could be related to a wide range of pathological states (Tab. 2, Fig. 1, Ref. 27). Text in PDF www.elis.sk.

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Amniotic fluid glucose concentration: A rapid and simple method for the detection of intraamniotic infection in preterm labor

Cited by 187 publications

References 9 publications

The immunophenotype of amniotic fluid leukocytes in normal and complicated pregnancies

The immunophenotype of amniotic fluid leukocytes in normal and complicated pregnancies

Evaluation Levels of Cytokines in Amniotic Fluid of Women with Intrauterine Infection in the Early Second Trimester

Selected physicochemical properties of amniotic fluid according to week of pregnancy

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