Amniotic Fluid Interleukin-6 and Preterm Delivery

El-Bastawissi, Amira Y.; Williams, Michelle A.; Riley, Donald E.; Hitti, Jane; Krieger, John N.

doi:10.1097/00006250-200006001-00032

Cited by 66 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…This may be because maternal inflammatory cells (such as macrophages and NK cells) present in AF may function as major contributors to AF IL-6. Second, it suggests that IL6 genotype may affect pregnancy outcome, as indicated by previous studies (Romero et al 1990;El Bastawissi et al 2000), but that the effects are not strong independent predictors of clinical phenotype, especially in the absence of an environmental factor such as MIAC. Instead, IL-6 concentration is more directly a.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Increased concentration of this proinflammatory cytokine in cervical and amniotic fluid (AF) has been associated with microbial invasion of the intra-amniotic cavity (MIAC) in women delivering preterm (Romero et al 1990;El Bastawissi et al 2000). Increased IL-6 concentration in cord plasma is also associated with fetal inflammatory response to maternal infection (Yoon et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ethnic differences in interleukin 6 (IL‐6) and IL6 receptor genes in spontaneous preterm birth and effects on amniotic fluid protein levels

Velez

Menon²,

Thorsen³

et al. 2007

Annals of Human Genetics

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SummaryPreterm birth (PTB) is a significant neonatal health problem that is more common in African-Americans (AA) than in European-Americans (EA). Part of this disparity is likely to result from the differing genetic architectures of EA and AA. To begin assessing the role of these differences, patterns of genetic variation in two previously proposed candidate genes, encoding interleukin 6 (IL6) and its receptor (IL6R), were analyzed in mothers and fetuses from 496 EA birth-events (149 cases and 347 controls) and 397 birth-events in AA (76 cases and 321 controls). IL-6 levels in amniotic fluid (AF) samples were determined in a subset of these pregnancies. Case-control comparisons revealed a single SNP in IL6R associated with PTB (p=0.04 for allelic and p=0.05 for genotype association). In addition, all of the SNPs studied showed significant frequency differences between AA and EA in at least one comparison, significantly in excess of that expected from general population databases. Higher IL-6 concentrations were associated with the IL6 SNP -661 in EA preterm samples (p=0.0056), and this result seems to be driven by microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity, indicating a gene by infection interaction. These findings indicate that, as a function of IL6 genotype, EA and AA women respond differently to infection with respect to their expression of IL-6. Our data support differential genetic control of levels of IL-6 in amniotic fluid between EA and AA.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethnic differences in interleukin 6 (IL‐6) and IL6 receptor genes in spontaneous preterm birth and effects on amniotic fluid protein levels

Velez

Menon²,

Thorsen³

et al. 2007

Annals of Human Genetics

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show abstract

“…Inflammatory conditions other than bacterial intraamniotic infection, such as histological chorioamnionitis could potentially lead to the production of IL-18 in amniotic fluid with further stimulation of preterm labour before microorganisms invade the amniotic cavity. 4,16,17 Moreover, a viral infection, which cannot be detected by routine microbiologic cultures, might increase amniotic fluid IL-18. 18 High levels of amniotic fluid IL-18 with negative culture can also be explained by increased amniotic fluid antibacterial activity in some women which prevents the growth of bacteria that are able to colonise the fetal membranes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 Clinical studies have shown that elevated levels of amniotic fluid inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, angiogenin, TNF-a) or positive amniotic fluid culture for microorganisms in asymptomatic women at the time of mid-trimester amniocentesis are associated with increased risk of preterm birth. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a newly discovered cytokine, structurally similar to IL-1, with profound effects on T-cell activation participating in both innate and acquired immune responses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amniotic fluid interleukin‐18 at mid‐trimester genetic amniocentesis: relationship to intraamniotic microbial invasion and preterm delivery

Thomakos¹,

Papapanagiotou

Παπαντωνίου³

et al. 2009

BJOG

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Objective To determine the value of amniotic fluid interleukin-18 (AF IL-18) in the diagnosis of microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity and prediction of preterm delivery (PTD). Setting A tertiary referral centre for fetal medicine.Methods Following amniocentesis, a sample of amniotic fluid was transferred to the laboratory for aerobic and anaerobic bacterial cultures, Ureaplasma urealyticum culture and IL-18 assays. All women who delivered preterm (<37 weeks of gestation) formed the study group. The control group consisted of the two subsequent women who also underwent amniocentesis during the same time period and delivered a normal neonate at term, matched for maternal age, parity and indication for amniocentesis. Main outcome measuresThe relationship between AF IL-18 levels and the risk of both microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity and PTD.Results Forty-eight women who delivered preterm (<37 weeks) were matched with 96 controls. The preterm delivery group had significantly higher concentrations of IL-18 (median = 609 pg/ml, interquartile range: 445.7-782.7) compared to controls (median = 322.1 pg/ml, interquartile range: 277.7-414.4), (P < 0.001). IL-18 level was also significantly higher (P < 0.001) in cases with positive amniotic fluid cultures (median = 697.7, interquartile range: 609.0-847.2) compared to those with negative ones (median = 330.9 pg/ml, interquartile range: 235.2-440.8).Conclusions Elevated mid-trimester concentrations of AF IL-18 can identify women at risk for intraamniotic infection and spontaneous PTD.

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“…80,93,98 IL-6 present in the amniotic fluid has been linked with chorioamnionitis. 99 Elevated TNFα . 6.6 pg/mL and IL-6 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of tumor necrosis factor-receptors in pregnancy with normal and adverse outcome

Calleja‐Agius¹,

Muttukrishna²,

Jauniaux³

2012

IJICMR

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Amniotic Fluid Interleukin-6 and Preterm Delivery

Cited by 66 publications

References 63 publications

Ethnic differences in interleukin 6 (IL‐6) and IL6 receptor genes in spontaneous preterm birth and effects on amniotic fluid protein levels

Ethnic differences in interleukin 6 (IL‐6) and IL6 receptor genes in spontaneous preterm birth and effects on amniotic fluid protein levels

Amniotic fluid interleukin‐18 at mid‐trimester genetic amniocentesis: relationship to intraamniotic microbial invasion and preterm delivery

The role of tumor necrosis factor-receptors in pregnancy with normal and adverse outcome

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