Amoebal pathogens as emerging causal agents of pneumonia

Lamoth, Frédéric; Greub, Gilbert

doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2009.00207.x

Cited by 106 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 208 publications

(222 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, co-culture of macrophages with S. negevensis-infected amebae resulted in the rapid death of the amebae and infection of the macrophages (Kahane et al, 2008). Amebae could therefore serve as reservoir and contribute to the selection of virulence traits (Greub & Raoult, 2004;Lamoth & Greub, 2010). This is in agreement with the identification of Simkania and amebae's antigens in drinking water and in reclaimed wastewater used to irrigate crop in Israel (Donati et al, 2015;Kahane et al, 2004).…”

Section: Transmission and Reservoirsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…By analogy with other Chlamydiales, Gram staining should be avoided since the results are inconsistent, as EBs result generally Gram-positive, whereas RBs result Gramnegative (Lamoth & Greub, 2010).…”

Section: Othersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These bacteria have been classified in the Chlamydiales order, as they exhibit a biphasic developmental cycle with infectious Elementary Bodies (EBs) and replicative Reticulate Bodies (RBs) similar to what is known for Chlamydia spp. Growing evidence suggests a pathogenic role for many of these Chlamydia-related bacteria mainly in respiratory diseases and in obstetrical complications (Baud et al, 2014(Baud et al, , 2008Corsaro & Greub, 2006;Greub & Raoult, 2002a;Greub et al, 2003a;Lamoth & Greub, 2010). Due to the lack of commercial diagnosis methods and clinical guidelines, these strict intracellular bacteria are, however, not routinely screened in the clinic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simkania negevensis, an insight into the biology and clinical importance of a novel member of the Chlamydiales order

Vouga

Baud

Greub

2016

Critical Reviews in Microbiology

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Simkania negevensis is a Chlamydia-related bacterium discovered in 1993 and represents the founding member of the Simkaniaceae family within the Chlamydiales order. As other Chlamydiales, it is an obligate intracellular bacterium characterized by a biphasic developmental cycle. Its similarities with the pathogenic Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia pneumoniae make it an interesting bacterium. So far, little is known about its biology, but S. negevensis harbors various microbiological characteristics of interest, including a strong association of the Simkania-containing vacuole with the ER and the presence of an intron in the 23S rRNA encoding gene. Evidence of human exposition has been reported worldwide. However, there is a lack of robust clinical studies evaluating its implication in human diseases; current data suggest an association with pneumonia and bronchiolitis making S. negevensis a potential emerging pathogen. Owing to its fastidious growth requirements, the clinical relevance of S. negevensis is probably underestimated. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on S. negevensis and explore future research challenges. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Transmission and Reservoirsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Othersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simkania negevensis, an insight into the biology and clinical importance of a novel member of the Chlamydiales order

Vouga

Baud

Greub

2016

Critical Reviews in Microbiology

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“…This Chlamydia-related bacterium was isolated from nasal mucosa of female volunteers by amoebal enrichment (Figure 2A) 9 and is a potential agent of pneumonia 38 . This again shows the importance of amoebae in the maintenance and dispersion of bacterial pathogens that might be especially pathogenic for immunocompromised patients 39 . …”

Section: Representative Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery of New Intracellular Pathogens by Amoebal Coculture and Amoebal Enrichment Approaches

Jacquier

Aeby

Lienard

et al. 2013

JoVE

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Intracellular pathogens such as legionella, mycobacteria and Chlamydia-like organisms are difficult to isolate because they often grow poorly or not at all on selective media that are usually used to cultivate bacteria. For this reason, many of these pathogens were discovered only recently or following important outbreaks. These pathogens are often associated with amoebae, which serve as host-cell and allow the survival and growth of the bacteria. We intend here to provide a demonstration of two techniques that allow isolation and characterization of intracellular pathogens present in clinical or environmental samples: the amoebal coculture and the amoebal enrichment. Amoebal coculture allows recovery of intracellular bacteria by inoculating the investigated sample onto an amoebal lawn that can be infected and lysed by the intracellular bacteria present in the sample. Amoebal enrichment allows recovery of amoebae present in a clinical or environmental sample. This can lead to discovery of new amoebal species but also of new intracellular bacteria growing specifically in these amoebae. Together, these two techniques help to discover new intracellular bacteria able to grow in amoebae. Because of their ability to infect amoebae and resist phagocytosis, these intracellular bacteria might also escape phagocytosis by macrophages and thus, be pathogenic for higher eukaryotes. Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at

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“…Amoebal enrichment technique used was adapted from previous studies [2,21]. Briefly, the 90 from seeding experiments were concentrated by filtration using a 0.45 m pore size cellulose nitrate membrane (Millipore, SA).…”

Section: Amoebal Enrichmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study of Three Two-Stage Hybrid Ecological Wastewater Treatment Systems for Producing High Nutrient, Reclaimed Water for Irrigation Reuse in Developing Countries

2015

Water Treatment in Developed and Developing Nations

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Free-living amoebae pose a potential health risk in water systems as they may be pathogenic and harbor potential pathogenic bacteria known as amoebae resistant bacteria. Free-living amoebae were observed in 150 (87.2%) of the environmental water samples. In particular, Acanthamoeba sp. was identified in 22 (12.8%) using amoebal enrichment and confirmed by molecular analysis. FLA were isolated in all 8 stages of the wastewater treatment plant using the amoebal enrichment technique. A total of 16 (9.3%) samples were positive for FLA from influent, 20 (11.6%) from bioreactor feed, 16 (9.3%) from anaerobic zone, 16 (9.3%) from anoxic zone, 32 (18.6%) from aerators, 16 (9.3%) from bioreactor effluent, 11 (6.4%) from bioreactor final effluent, and 45 (26.2%) from maturation pond. This study provides baseline information on the occurrence of amoebae in wastewater treatment plant. This has health implications on receiving water bodies as some FLA are pathogenic and are also involved in the transmission and dissemination of pathogenic bacteria.

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Amoebal pathogens as emerging causal agents of pneumonia

Cited by 106 publications

References 208 publications

Simkania negevensis, an insight into the biology and clinical importance of a novel member of the Chlamydiales order

Simkania negevensis, an insight into the biology and clinical importance of a novel member of the Chlamydiales order

Discovery of New Intracellular Pathogens by Amoebal Coculture and Amoebal Enrichment Approaches

Comparative Study of Three Two-Stage Hybrid Ecological Wastewater Treatment Systems for Producing High Nutrient, Reclaimed Water for Irrigation Reuse in Developing Countries

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