Among middle-aged adults, snoring predicted hypertension independently of sleep apnoea

Khazaie, Habibolah; Negahban, Saeedeh; Ghadami, Mohammad Rasoul; Bahmani, Dena Sadeghi; Holsboer‐Trachsler, Edith; Brand, Serge

doi:10.1177/0300060517738426

Cited by 30 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Participants between 12 and 40 years from Kermanshah City (Kermanshah, Iran) and self-reporting issues with gaming were invited to participate in this cross-sectional study on game addiction. The age range spans the developmental period of early adolescence ( 26 ) to the end of young adulthood ( 27 , 28 ). Those eligible for participation were fully informed about the aim of the study and the anonymous data handling, and signed a written informed consent.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation and Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the 21-Item Game Addiction Scale With a Sample of Adolescents and Young Adults

et al. 2021

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Background: Excessive gaming has become a psychological health issue for both gamers and their social environments. This observation holds true for western but also non-western countries such as Iran. The aim of the present study was to translate and validate a Persian version of the Game Addiction Scale 21 (GAS 21) using a sample of adolescents and adults.Methods: A total of 412 participants (mean age: 22.16 years; 55.3% females) took part in the study. They completed questionnaires covering sociodemographic information and gaming-related information, as well as the Persian version of the GAS 21, the GAS 7, the Internet Addiction Test, and the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale.Results: Of the initial 21 items of the Persian version of the GAS 21, five proved redundant and were eliminated. Factors analyses yielded four factors explaining 66.35% of the variance: 1. Withdrawal; 2. Feelings of guilt and addiction; 3. Mood modification; 4. Issues of time budget. Cronbach's alphas were satisfactory (alphas > 0.87). To validate the results, scores on the translated version were compared with the well-established Young Internet Addiction test. Factors correlated positively (rs between 0.21 and 0.31) with overall score on this latter test but, against expectations, positively with the generalized self-efficacy scale.Conclusions: A Persian version of the Game Addiction Scale-21 proved to be a useful tool for assessing the risk of game addiction behavior. Further, the solution with 16 items loading on four factors appears respond to the ecological need of parsimony.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation and Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the 21-Item Game Addiction Scale With a Sample of Adolescents and Young Adults

et al. 2021

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“…The most important epidemiological risk factors for OSAS are obesity and male gender ( 9 , 10 ). OSAS plays an important role in the emergence and maintenance of hypertension, while snoring is a risk factor for hypertension independent of body mass index (BMI), AHI, or older age ( 11 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations Between Morning Salivary and Blood Cortisol Concentrations in Individuals With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis

et al. 2021

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BackgroundObstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) may be associated with an increase in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis activity (HPA AA). We reviewed research comparing morning salivary and blood (serum and plasma) cortisol concentrations of individuals with OSAS to those of healthy controls.MethodsWe made a systematic search without any restrictions of the PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases for relevant articles published up to August 25, 2019.ResultsSixteen studies were analyzed in this meta-analysis; five studies compared morning salivary concentrations, five compared serum concentrations, four compared plasma cortisol concentrations, and two compared both salivary and plasma concentrations. In pediatric samples, compared to healthy controls, those with OSAS had significantly lower saliva morning cortisol concentrations (MD = -0.13 µg/dl; 95% CI: 0.21, -0.04; P = 0.003). In contrast, no significant differences were observed for serum cortisol concentrations, plasma cortisol concentrations, or salivary morning cortisol concentrations between adults with and without OSAS (p = 0.61, p = 0.17, p = 0.17).ConclusionCortisol concentrations did not differ between adults with OSAS and healthy controls. In contrast, morning salivary cortisol concentrations were lower in children with OSAS, compared to healthy controls. Given that a reduced HPA AA is observed among individuals with chronic stress, it is conceivable that children with OSAS are experiencing chronic psychophysiological stress.

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“…Sixth, one study reported that among middle-aged people, snoring and not OSA predicted hypertension, but the records of snoring were not included in the NHIRD. 68 Finally, the NHI program started in 1995, but in this study, the NHIRD we used contained a database of 15 years only. We highly recommend that a longer follow-up study is needed in the future.…”

Section: Limitations Of This Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children and Adolescents and the Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Taiwan

Tzeng

Chung

Chang

et al. 2019

Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine

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Study Objectives: This study has investigated the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), including acute myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, and acute stroke, among children and adolescents (age younger than 20 years) with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methods: In this study, the population-based National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan was used to identify patients in whom OSA had been first diagnosed between 2000 and 2015. Children and adolescents with OSA (n = 6,535) were included with 1:3 ratio by age, sex, and index year of control participants without OSA (n = 19,605). The Cox proportional regression model was used to evaluate the risk of MACEs in this cohort study. Results: After a 15-year follow-up, the incidence rate of MACEs was higher in the OSA cohort when compared with the non-OSA control cohort (15.97 and 8.20 per 100,000 person-years, respectively). After adjusting for covariates, the risk of MACEs among children and adolescents with OSA was still significantly higher (hazard ratio = 2.050; 95% confidence interval = 1.312-3.107; P = .010). No MACEs were found in the children and adolescents with OSA who received continuous airway positive pressure treatment or pharyngeal surgery. Conclusions: This study found a significantly higher risk of MACEs in children and adolescents with OSA. These findings strongly suggest that clinicians should provide careful follow-up and medical treatment for children and adolescents with OSA.

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Among middle-aged adults, snoring predicted hypertension independently of sleep apnoea

Cited by 30 publications

References 36 publications

Validation and Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the 21-Item Game Addiction Scale With a Sample of Adolescents and Young Adults

Validation and Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the 21-Item Game Addiction Scale With a Sample of Adolescents and Young Adults

Associations Between Morning Salivary and Blood Cortisol Concentrations in Individuals With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis

Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children and Adolescents and the Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Taiwan

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