Amorphization of kaolinite and media motion in grinding by a double rotating cylinders mill — a comparison with a tumbling ball mill

Miyazaki, Miyuki; Kamitani, Masataka; Nagai, Takashi; Kano, Junya; Sanda, Fumio

doi:10.1163/156855200750172349

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The amorphization of the halloysite reinforcing phase takes place as a result of the destruction of the multi-layer structure. Similar observations were reported in the works of [18][19][20]. The milling time affected not only the phase composition of the processed powders, but also the refinement of the grains.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Effect Of Milling Time On Microstructure Of AA6061 Composites Fabricated Via Mechanical Alloying

Tomiczek¹,

Pawlyta²,

Adamiak³

et al. 2015

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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The aim of this work is to determine the effect of manufacturing conditions, especially milling time, on the microstructure and crystallite size of a newly developed nanostructural composite material with the aluminium alloy matrix reinforced with halloysite nanotubes. Halloysite, being a clayey mineral of volcanic origin, is characterized by high porosity and large specific surface area. Thus it can be used as an alternative reinforcement in metal matrix composite materials. In order to obtain this goal, composite powders with fine microstructures were fabricated using high-energy mechanical alloying, cold compacting and hot extrusion techniques. The obtained composite powders of aluminium alloy reinforced with 5, 10 and 15 wt% of halloysite nanotubes were characterized with SEM, TEM and XRD analysis. It has been proven that the use of mechanical alloying leads to a high degree of deformation, which, coupled with a decreased grain size below 100 nm and the dispersion of the refined reinforcing particles-reinforces the material very well.Keywords: aluminium matrix composites, halloysite nanotubes, mechanical milling, hot extrusion Celem niniejszej pracy było określenie wpływu warunków wytwarzania, w szczególności czasu mielenia, na strukturę i wielkość krystalitów nowo opracowanych nanostrukturalnych materiałów kompozytowych o osnowie stopów aluminium wzmacnianych nanorurkami haloizytowymi. Haloizyt, będący minerałem ilastym pochodzenia wulkanicznego, charakteryzuje się dużą porowatością, dużą powierzchnią właściwą, i może stanowić alternatywne wzmocnienie metalowych materiałów kompozytowych. W tym celu przy użyciu wysokoenergetycznego mechanicznego stopowania w młynie kulowym wytworzono rozdrobnione i trwale połączone proszki kompozytowe, które następnie poddano zagęszczaniu na zimno i wyciskaniu na gorąco. Tak opracowane materiały kompozytowe o udziale masowym haloizytowego wzmocnienia 5, 10, 15% zbadano metodami skaningowej i transmisyjnej mikroskopii elektronowej oraz rentgenowskiej analizy fazowej. Stwierdzono, że wywołane mechanicznym stopowaniem silne odkształcenie plastyczne i zmniejszenie rozmiaru ziarna poniżej 100 nm oraz dyspersja haloizytowych cząstek wzmacniających wpłynęła na znaczne umocnienie materiałów kompozytowych.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Effect Of Milling Time On Microstructure Of AA6061 Composites Fabricated Via Mechanical Alloying

Tomiczek¹,

Pawlyta²,

Adamiak³

et al. 2015

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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“…XRD analysis of mechanically treated samples during either hardened steel or zirconia milling medium indicated fast deterioration of the kaolinite structure during milling, mainly within the first 15 min. The results obtained in this study are consistent with previous investigations [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]…”

supporting

confidence: 93%

“…It was already demonstrated that during milling, the kaolinite phase becomes gradually distorted and amorphous. [13][14][15][16] For the thermally induced transformation of kaolinite to metakaolin, a molecular dynamic study showed that the loss of crystallinity was governed by the loss of hydroxyl groups at the surface of the inter-layer spacing and the migration of the aluminum into the vacant sites. 7 The observation that almost identical results were obtained in both milling media suggests that specific energy dose defined as cumulative mechanical energy transferred to the powder during milling time is responsible for the kinetics and final phase formation, in spite of different milling parameters such as impact energy and frequency.…”

Section: Xrd Structural Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although a lot of work on milled kaolinite has been reported in recent years, [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] there seem to be only one report on the pozzolanic activity of amorphous kaolinite obtained by mechanochemical treatment. 19 Furthermore, it should be born in mind that the mineral composition of natural kaolin clays from different locations usually differ remarkably, thus influencing the physical and chemical properties of produced kaolinite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanochemical treatment of Serbian kaolin clay to obtain high reactive pozzolana

Mitrović

Zdujić

2013

JSCS

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Mechanochemical treatment of Serbian kaolin clay was carried out in a planetary ball mill using two different milling media, hardened steel or zirconia vials and balls. The samples obtained with various milling times were characterized by the particle size laser diffraction (PSLD), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry/thermogravimetry (DTA/TGA) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analyses. Mechanochemical treatment induced amorphization of the kaolinite phase accompanied by dehydroxylation. It was found that for the given milling parameters, amorphization mainly took place in the milling period up to 15 min, and was completed after about 30 min of milling for both milling media used. The pozzolanic activities were determined by the Chapelle method. Milling in the hardened steel milling medium had no significant influence on pozzolanic activity, even though there was accumulated iron contamination. For both milling media, pozzolanic activity of 0.79 was obtained for the samples milled for 15 min and it remained almost unchanged with prolonged milling. The determined pozzolanic activity values are close to these of commercial metakaolinite or metakaolinite obtained by the calcination of the same clay, therefore, indicating possibility for obtaining high reactive pozzolana by mechanochemical treatment of Serbian kaoline clay. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR 36017 and 45001

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“…The interplanar distance of all halloysite powders is 0.72 nm, which proves permanent dehydration [113,114]. Annealing of halloysite nanotubes at the temperature of 500-700°C causes disorder of their crystal structure, which with increasing temperature causes amorphization of halloysite as a result of disordering the packet structure [227][228][229][230]. Mechanical high energy milling improves the distribution of HNT 100 reinforcement particles in the AlMg1SiCu matrix, more advantageously than when using HNT 500 and HNT 700 .…”

Section: Structure and Properties Of The Aluminum Alloy Matrix Composite Materials Manufactured By Mechanical Synthesis And Subsequent Plmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Composites with Aluminum Alloys Matrix and Their Fabrication Processes

Dobrzański¹

2021

Advanced Aluminium Composites and Alloys

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This chapter introduces advanced aluminum alloy matrix composites and their manufacturing processes. In the beginning, the state of the art is characterized and the general characteristics of aluminum and its practical applications are presented, starting with the history of aluminum. The current approximate distribution of bauxite resources in the world and the production of bauxite and alumina in the leading countries of the world, as well as the production of primary and secondary aluminum and the range of aluminum end products, are presented. Aluminum alloys intended for plastic deformation and castings, and composite materials in general and with a matrix of aluminum alloys in particular, have been characterized in general. Against this background, a detailed review of the results of the Author’s own research included in numerous projects and own publications on advanced composite materials, their production technology, their structure, and properties were done. The range of aluminum alloy matrices of composite materials was adequately characterized, which include AlSi12, AlSi7Mg0.3, AlMg1SiCu, AlMg3, AlMg5, and AlMg9, respectively. Composite materials tested in terms of manufacturing technology include three groups. The first group includes gas pressure infiltration with liquid aluminum alloys of suitably formed porous preforms. Porous frameworks as a reinforcement for pressure-infiltrated composite materials with a matrix of aluminum alloys are produced by three methods. Al2O3 powder with the addition of 30–50% carbon fibers is uniaxially pressed, sintered, and heated to thermally degrade the carbon fibers and create the required pore sizes. In the second case, the ceramic porous skeleton is produced with the use of halloysite nanotubes HNTs by mechanical milling, press consolidation, and sintering. A third method is SLS selective laser sintering using titanium powders. Another group of manufacturing technologies is the mechanical synthesis of the mixture of AlMg1SiCu aluminum alloy powder and respectively, halloysite nanotubes HNTs in a volume fraction from 5 to 15% or multi-wall carbon nanotubes MWCNTs in a volume fraction from 0.5 to 5%, and subsequent consolidation involving plastic deformation. The third group of analyzed materials concerns composite surface layers on substrates of aluminum alloys produced by laser feathering of WC/W2C or SiC carbides. The structure and properties of the mentioned composite materials with aluminum alloys matrices are described in detail. The chapter summary provides final remarks on the importance of advanced aluminum alloy composite materials in industrial development. The importance of particular groups of engineering materials in the history and the development of the methodology for the selection of engineering materials, including the current stage of Materials 4.0, was emphasized. The importance of material design in engineering design is emphasized. Concepts of the development of societies were presented: Society 5.0 and Industry 4.0. The own concept of a holistic model of the extended Industry 4.0 was presented, taking into account advanced engineering materials and technological processes. Particular attention was paid to the importance of advanced composite materials with an aluminum alloy matrix in the context of the current stage of Industry 4.0 of the industrial revolution. Growth in the production of aluminum, its alloys, and composites with its matrix was compared with that of steel. Despite the 30 times less production, aluminum is important due to its lower density. The challenges posed by the development in the Industry 4.0 stage, including the expectations of the automotive and aviation industry, force constant progress in the development of new materials with the participation of aluminum, including the composite materials with an aluminum alloy matrix presented in this chapter.

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Amorphization of kaolinite and media motion in grinding by a double rotating cylinders mill — a comparison with a tumbling ball mill

Cited by 17 publications

References 6 publications

Effect Of Milling Time On Microstructure Of AA6061 Composites Fabricated Via Mechanical Alloying

Effect Of Milling Time On Microstructure Of AA6061 Composites Fabricated Via Mechanical Alloying

Mechanochemical treatment of Serbian kaolin clay to obtain high reactive pozzolana

Advanced Composites with Aluminum Alloys Matrix and Their Fabrication Processes

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