Amorphous, mixed-valency, molybdenum sulfide (MoS
x
) with a proposed formula, [Mo(IV)
4Mo(V)
2(S2
2–)3(S2–)5](SO4)5,
was grown through a one-pot, solvothermal synthesis on multi-walled
carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in a gram-scale setup. Optimizing the loading
of the active catalyst relative to the conductive support resulted
in optimized catalytic performance in hydrogen evolution reaction,
reaching down to one of the lowest reported overpotentials, η10 = 140 mV and η100 = 198 mV with a Tafel
slope of 62 mV/dec, for the 6.5 wt % of MoS
x
@MWCNTs. Engineering this amorphous MoS
x
catalyst was made possible through control of the oxidation
state of Mo to avoid the fully reduced MoS2 phases. We
also demonstrate that engineering defects in the MoS
x
catalyst does not require sophisticated techniques (e.g.,
UHV deposition, ion beam sputtering, and pulsed laser ablation) but
can rather be induced simply through controlling the reductive synthesis
conditions.