Amorphous monodispersed hard carbon micro-spherules derived from biomass as a high performance negative electrode material for sodium-ion batteries

Abstract

This paper reports monodispersed hard carbon micro-spherules with a high energy density, high initial coulombic efficiency and excellent cycle performance.

Expanded graphitic materials prepared from micro- and nanometric precursors as anodes for sodium-ion batteries

“…Thus, different carbon materials with diverse structures (micro-and nanostructures) and varied morphologies, usually with a certain degree of porosity and low-ordered structure consisting of few-layer graphite nanocrystallites, have been investigated for this application [12]. Among them, hard carbons are arguably the most promising candidates thus far [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34], being able to deliver reversible capacities >300 mA h g -1 at low-to-moderate current rates with remarkable stability along cycling, although some aspects need to be improved for their implementation as anodes for SIBs, such as their relatively low coulombic efficiency in the first cycle, which is related to their high surface area and porosity, or their modest rate performance. The turbostratic structure of these materials, consisting in few-layer-stacked graphite nanocrystallites with high interlayer distances (0.37-0.40 nm), together with their inherent porosity (i.e.…”

Flexible graphite film with laser drilling pores as novel integrated anode free of metal current collector for sodium ion battery

“…The exploration of anode materials for NIBs started with carbonaceous materials, such as graphitic carbon and non-graphitic carbon materials [6][7][8][9][10][11]. It was generally considered that graphite anode, commonly used in LIB systems, could barely intercalate sodium in common electrolyte systems by forming binary graphite intercalation compounds (b-GICs), because sodium ions are too large to insert into the graphite interlayers [12,13].…”

Porous nitrogen doped carbon sphere as high performance anode of sodium-ion battery

“…To date, many materials, such as, alloys [8][9][10], phosphorus [11,12], organic compounds [13,14], Ti-based oxides [15][16][17] and amorphous carbons [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31], have been investigated as anode candidates for SIB. Alloys show the large reversible capacities, while the large volume expansion of Sn ($520%) and Sb ($390%) during the sodiation limits their cycle stability.…”