Amorphous Nitrogen-Doped Vanadium Oxide on Graphene for Enhanced Aerobic Oxidative Desulfurization of Fuels

Abstract

Aerobic oxidative desulfurization (AODS) promises an emerging method for deep sulfur removal of fuel oil, which requires high-performance catalysts to cost-effectively convert thiophenes into sulfones. In this paper, we report the fabrication of a highly efficient and durable AODS catalyst by loading N-doped amorphous vanadium oxide on reduced graphene oxide via high-temperature ammonia (NH3) treatment. The morphology, phase state, element electronic state, and catalytic performance of the catalysts at different calcination temperatures were systematically studied. The phase transition principle of vanadium species at different ammoniation temperatures as well as its effect on the catalytic performance was revealed. The optimal catalyst ammoniated at 400 °C achieved rapid and full conversion of various thiophenes under the reaction condition of 90–120 °C and normal pressure using air as the oxygen source, showing excellent activity. Moreover, the catalyst maintained its activity after six repeated uses and is expected to act as a cost-efficient and robust catalyst for AODS.

Efficient Oxidative Desulfurization over [Mo8O26]4–-Based Hybrids: Phase Transfer Catalysis

“…The requirements for sulfur compounds in diesel have become more stringent as a result of the national standards for environmental regulations being upgraded in response to the more severe environmental challenges. − The primary industrial desulfurization technique, hydrodesulfurization (HDS), , which only effectively gets rid of aliphatic sulfides but not aromatic sulfides with high steric hindrance like dibenzothiophene (DBT) and its derivatives, refers to the process of removing sulfur compounds at high pressure and temperature. , More importantly, the potentially dangerous HDS technology demands enormous amounts of H 2 in extremely hostile environments. , To replace HDS, numerous desulfurization methods have been continuously researched to cut costs and improve safety, for instance, oxidative desulfurization (ODS), − extraction desulfurization (EDS), adsorption desulfurization (ADS), biological desulfurization (BDS), etc., of which the extraction-coupled oxidation desulfurization (ECODS) technique has been unveiled for broad future industrial application prospects. − In the ODS process, oxidants convert sulfur compounds in diesel to corresponding sulfoxides or sulfones . Deep desulfurization can be effortlessly achieved by extracting sulfones and sulfoxides with strong polarity by applying highly polar extractants …”

“…6,7 More importantly, the potentially dangerous HDS technology demands enormous amounts of H 2 in extremely hostile environments. 8,9 To replace HDS, numerous desulfurization methods have been continuously researched to cut costs and improve safety, 10 for instance, oxidative desulfurization (ODS), 11−13 extraction desulfurization (EDS), 14 adsorption desulfurization (ADS), 15 biological desulfurization (BDS), 16 etc., of which the extraction-coupled oxidation desulfurization (ECODS) technique has been unveiled for broad future industrial application prospects. 17−19 In the ODS process, oxidants convert sulfur compounds in diesel to corresponding sulfoxides or sulfones.…”

Ionic Liquid Promotes High Dispersion of V2O5 on 3D Porous g-C3N4 Carrier to Enhance Catalytic Oxidative Desulfurization Performance

“…The problem of agglomeration is an urgent matter to be solved, as is the case with other TMOs. A feasible strategy is to select an appropriate porous carrier to construct supported catalysts. , Carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) has a simple preparation process and high yield and is often used as a carrier in supported catalysts . In comparison, three-dimensional porous carbon nitride (3D g-C 3 N 4 ) obtained by the supramolecular assembly method, with a rich pore structure and high specific surface area, is a more suitable carrier …”