AMOS: the “learning” multiclass pattern classifier

IUS bituminous:Solidarity and legal order in a dangerous work environment

“…Our analysis of behavior in underground coal mines suggests that he may have confused two separate aspects of the legal process: 1) sanctions against the offender; and 2) réintégration of the group. Sanctions can vary in the extent to which they are repressive, and while it is tempting to think of severe sanctions in terms of physical punishment, a cross-cultural perspective indicates that physical coercion is not always the most repressive thing that can be done to an individual (Pospisil, 1971;Newman, 1978). Within a given system, however, the deemphasis of physical punishment along with a focus upon alternative (though perhaps no less severe) sanctions (such as shunning) might reflect a greater concern with restitution ( Edwards and Fuhrman, 1981).…”

“…Legal processes will vary with the organization, attributes, and type of group under consideration (Sudnow, 1965;Hagan, et al, 1979). Legal scholars who have argued that there are societies without law have reached these conclusions because they have selected the wrong unit of analysis (Hoebel, 1954;Pospisil, 1971). Law is emergent, and the resolution of trouble cases is first attempted at the most elemental level, only becoming subject to other forums as the problem persists.…”

“…The setting within which behavior occurs, the context, and the pattern of relationships must somehow be fitted to a theoretical concern, and actual behavior delineated and interpreted following some more or less clearly defined criteria. With this in mind, we have chosen a case approach (Llewellyn and Hoebel, 1961;Nader, 1965;Van Velsen, 1967;Pospisil, 1971), suggested not only by anthropological analyses but by the terminology of the miners themselves. The cases which will be discussed are taken from dozens of such occurrences and are used to illustrate the application of iua, or law abstracted from the decisions of authority, in the two work settings.…”