Amounts of non-fibrous components in recovered paper

Keränen, Janne; Ervasti, Ilpo

doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2014.09.010

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…(Keränen and Ervasti 2014) In the fifth step, two different fiber material chains are described and compared with each other. The two chains are the virgin fiber chain and the recycled fiber chain.…”

Section: Study Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These sources include CEPI (2011), COST E-48 (2010), , FAO / UNECE (2010), the Forest Legality Alliance (2014), the Global Timber Organization (2015), Indufor (2013), Keränen and Ervasti (2014), Koskinen (2000), Pöyry (2006), SPIF (1969) and Tapion taskukirja (1976).…”

Section: Study Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This article utilizes the paper industry material framework, the Wheel of Fiber, proposed by Keränen and Ervasti (2014) to define paper industry material streams. A set of conversion factors are introduced.…”

Section: General Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Structure of the different material categories related to the paper industry material chain. Keränen and Ervasti (2014) introduced a method to quantify different materials in the material chain commensurately and divide them into separate material components. When quantifying material streams in the paper industry, Keränen and Ervasti (2014) quantified three different material components, namely:…”

Section: Raw Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CEPI (2011), Indufor (2013) and Keränen and Ervasti (2014) have all used this particular grade structure for raw materials.…”

Section: Raw Materials Used In Paper Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wood fiber contents of different materials in the paper industry material chain expressed in roundwood equivalents (RWEs)

Ervasti¹

2016

Silva Fenn.

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Highlights• The paper industry material recycling chain consists of different material streams.• Consumed paper products form a huge fiber source for industry. However, a reliable measuring system should be developed to quantify these fiber volumes.• Converting factors are introduced to quantify the wood fiber contents of different paper industry-related materials of the chain, namely, wood pulp, paper and recovered paper.• By using these conversion factors it is possible to convert for example global recovered paper utilization volumes into wood fiber volumes expressed in roundwood equivalents (RWEs). AbstractAt present, there are no means for reliably comparing the wood fiber contents of different material streams within the paper industry material chain with each other. The aim of this article is to introduce conversion factors that make it possible to quantify the volume of wood expressed in roundwood equivalent (RWE) values for different paper industry-related materials in the material chain. These conversion factors apply to wood pulp, paper, and recovered paper. European data are used in quantifying the paper industry material streams and calculating the RWE conversion factors. The introduced conversion factors can be used to estimate RWE volumes at a global scale. With assumption that paper recycling did not occur and that paper production volume remained unchanged, an additional volume of 666 million m 3 RWEs would be required globally per annum to produce 167 million tons of virgin wood pulp to replace 222 million tons of recovered paper utilized by the paper industry in 2010. This volume is approximately the same as 1.6 times the total removal of wood in Europe (EU27), or the total annual removal of wood in the USA, Canada, and Brazil combined.

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Section: Study Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: General Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Raw Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CEPI (2011), Indufor (2013) and Keränen and Ervasti (2014) have all used this particular grade structure for raw materials.…”

Section: Raw Materials Used In Paper Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wood fiber contents of different materials in the paper industry material chain expressed in roundwood equivalents (RWEs)

Ervasti¹

2016

Silva Fenn.

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Alternative Filler Recovery from Paper Waste Stream

Tofani

Nys

Cornet

et al. 2020

Waste Biomass Valor

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The study is a first investigation of the feasibility to preserve recycled fillers (e.g. calcium carbonate, kaolin) from deinking paper sludge for newspaper production using an alternative approach respect to the actual methods. Deinking paper sludge was incinerated at 575°C. The thermal stability of the incinerated sludge (ash) was evaluated by infrared analysis. Subsequently, the resulting ash was bleached by sodium dithionite. The particle size of the ashes was analysed by laser diffraction. The effect of recycled fillers on recycled paper pulp, after blending, was evaluated by the analysis of the physical and optical properties of the obtained paper sheets. Analysis showed the conservation of the calcium carbonate and other fillers' molecular structure, both after incineration of the sludge and after bleaching. The dithionite treatment of the ashes resulted in ISO brightness levels of more than 70. The brightness was stable over one month. Paper sheets made by blending the bleached ashes with recycled paper showed an improvement of brightness and opacity but a decrease in terms of porosity and breaking length compared to paper sheets made without any filler. The proposed method still requires further studies to evaluate the economical application but offers an opportunity for the recycling of inorganic materials and valorisation of the sludge.

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Pulp and Paper: Nonfibrous Components ☆

Rawski¹,

Bhuiyan

2017

Reference Module in Materials Science and Materials Engineering

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Amounts of non-fibrous components in recovered paper

Cited by 19 publications

References 4 publications

Wood fiber contents of different materials in the paper industry material chain expressed in roundwood equivalents (RWEs)

Wood fiber contents of different materials in the paper industry material chain expressed in roundwood equivalents (RWEs)

Alternative Filler Recovery from Paper Waste Stream

Pulp and Paper: Nonfibrous Components ☆

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