Amoxicillin Administration Regimen and Resistance Mechanisms of Staphylococcus aureus Established in Tissue Cage Infection Model

Yao, Qian; Gao, Linglin; Xu, Teng; Chen, Yun; Yang, Xin; Han, Mengmeng; He, Xiao-Tao; Li, Chengheng; Zhou, Ruigang; Yang, Yuhui

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.01638

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The RT-qPCR data demonstrated that the expression of femX, mepA and norA have significantly increased in chromium and a lower-dose of amoxicillin pre-exposed S. aureus compared to unexposed bacteria. These findings were supported by previous studies with different bacteria, heavy metals and antibiotic co-exposure settings (9, 45, 46). Moreover, previous study also demonstrated that at metabolic stress condition, cell transporters especially efflux pumps, antiporters remove heavy metals and antibiotics from cells in a cross-resistance manner, which is known as cross-regulation (2).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…25mL Tryptone soya Agar (TSA) plates were prepared for each condition. Then the 202 autoclaved 25mL TSA was transferred and 0.06μg/mL, 0.125μg/mL, 0.25μg/mL, 203 0.5μg/mL, 1.0μg/mL, 2.0μg/mL, 4.0μg/mL concentration of antibiotics were added 204 into the conical flasks (Yao et al, 2019). The control media contained no antibiotic.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Using Agar Di...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Solutions of 25 mL Tryptone soya Agar (TSA) 187 were prepared for each condition and autoclaved. Before transferring the solution to 188 the plate 0.06µg/mL, 0.125µg/mL, 0.25µg/mL, 0.5µg/mL concentration of antibiotics 189 were added into the conical flasks (Yao et al, 2019). The control media contained no 190 antibiotic.…”

Section: + Salt 166mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chromium/cadmium plays a pivotal role to emerge amoxicillin resistantStaphylococcus aureus

Islam

Meem

Yasmin

et al. 2023

Preprint

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RationaleThe rapid emergence of resistant bacteria is occurring worldwide, endangering the efficacy of antimicrobials. Apart from horizontal gene transfer and plasmid mediated antimicrobial resistance (AMR) acquisition, co-exposure of heavy metals and antibiotics cause to emerge AMR Enterobacteriaceae. Heavy metals and antimicrobials co-exist in many environmental settings. We hypothesized that heavy metals and lower dose of antibiotic co-exposure may alter levels of antimicrobial susceptibility and facilitate to emerge AMR bacteria.MethodsThe growth kinetics of antimicrobial susceptible Staphylococcus aureus ST80 was carried out in the presence of chromium/cadmium salt and a lower dose of antibiotics. Subsequently, the antimicrobials susceptibility patterns of heavy metals pre-exposed for 48 hours Staphylococcus aureus ST 80 was determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method.ResultsThe antimicrobial susceptibility profile revealed that the zone of inhibition (ZOI) for ampicillin, amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin and doxycycline significantly decreased in chromium pre-exposed Staphylococcus compared to unexposed bacteria. However, cadmium pre-exposed bacteria only showed significant decreased ZOI for amoxicillin. Moreover, the MIC of amoxicillin was increased by 8-fold in chromium and 32-fold in cadmium with a low-dose of amoxicillin co-exposed bacteria. Besides, the RT-qPCR data demonstrated that chromium and a low-dose of amoxicillin pre-exposed significantly increased the mRNA expression of femX (25-fold), mepA (19-fold) and norA (17-fold) in S. aureus.In essence, minimum levels of chromium/cadmium and a MIC of amoxicillin exposure induced efflux pumps, which might responsible to emerge amoxicillin resistant S. aureus.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Evaluation Of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Using Agar Di...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chromium/cadmium plays a pivotal role to emerge amoxicillin resistantStaphylococcus aureus

Islam

Meem

Yasmin

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…isolate was resistant to amoxicillin and azithromycin, and two isolates were resistant to both. Amoxicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus may be due to the expression of the femX gene, which results in continuous repairing or abnormal thickening of cell walls, (Yao et al 2019). Resistance in Streptococcus spp.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial sensitivity of most commonly isolated bacteria from feline upper respiratory infection

et al. 2022

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In cats, upper respiratory tract infection (URI) can be associated with primary or secondary bacterial infection and is generally treated with antimicrobials. Antimicrobial use can be inappropriate, and overuse. There are no detailed protocols for treatment, such as those available for human treatment. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial sensitivity of the most isolated bacteria in cats that infected with the URI. Isolation and identification of bacteria in samples of cats infected with the URI were then continued with the antibiotic sensitivity test for amoxicillin, doxycycline, tetracycline, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, and cefotaxime using the Kirby Bauer Agar Disc diffusion method. Based on the research results, the bacteria identified were Enterobacter spp, Streptococcus spp, Staphylococcus spp, Pseudomonas spp, Serratia spp, Yersinia spp, Micrococcus spp, Klebsiella spp and Hafnia spp. Amoxicillin antibiotic resistance was found in four isolates of Staphylococcus spp and two isolates resistant to cefotaxime. Amoxicillin and tetracycline antibiotic resistance were found in one isolate of Streptococcus spp, two isolates resistant to cefotaxime and two intermediate isolates to doxycycline. One isolate of Enterobacter spp was resistant to amoxicillin, azithromycin and two isolates were resistant to cefotaxime. All tested isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin. Based on the antibiotic sensitivity test, most isolates were sensitive, but there were isolates resistant to antibiotics, especially amoxicillin and cefotaxime.

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“…Among the most suitable reference genes for the ticagrelor treatment experiment reported by comprehensive analysis, gapdH plays an important role in glycolysis and is used frequently as a reference gene in different experimental conditions, including in an experiment that studied the resistance mechanism of S. aureus against amoxicillin [ 22 , 39 , 40 ]. Gene gyrA takes part in replication and has also been found to be a suitable reference gene for ethidium treatment experiments [ 15 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Savirin or Ticagrelor Treatment on the Expression of Commonly Used Reference Genes in Staphylococcus aureus

et al. 2023

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Reference genes are frequently used for the normalization of quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRTPCR) data in gene expression studies. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common causes of biofilm-related infections. Savirin and ticagrelor show in vitro as well as in vivo antibiofilm activity against S. aureus. The main aim of this study was to identify the most stably expressed reference genes to study the effect of these molecules on genes in a strong biofilm producing S. aureus isolate isolated from biofilm-related infection. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed by using relative quantification method. Four different algorithms, delta Ct, normfinder, bestkeeper, and genorm, followed by a comprehensive analysis was used to identify the most stable reference genes from a list of sixteen different candidate reference genes. All four algorithms reported different results, with some comparable findings among some methods. In the comprehensive analysis of the results of all the algorithms used, the most stable reference genes found were spa, rpoD, and pyk for savirin treatment experiment and gapdH, gyrA, and gmk for ticagrelor treatment experiment. The optimal number of reference genes required was two for both the experimental conditions. Despite having some drawbacks, each algorithm can reliably determine an appropriate reference gene independently. However, based on consensus ranking and the required optimal number of reference genes reported, spa and rpoD were the most appropriate reference genes for savirin treatment experiment, and gapdH and gyrA were most appropriate for ticagrelor treatment experiment. This study provides baseline data on reference genes to study the effect of savirin or ticagrelor treatment on the expression of potential reference genes in S. aureus. We recommend prior re-validation of reference genes on a case-by-case basis before they can be used.

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Amoxicillin Administration Regimen and Resistance Mechanisms of Staphylococcus aureus Established in Tissue Cage Infection Model

Cited by 12 publications

References 32 publications

Chromium/cadmium plays a pivotal role to emerge amoxicillin resistantStaphylococcus aureus

Chromium/cadmium plays a pivotal role to emerge amoxicillin resistantStaphylococcus aureus

Antimicrobial sensitivity of most commonly isolated bacteria from feline upper respiratory infection

Effect of Savirin or Ticagrelor Treatment on the Expression of Commonly Used Reference Genes in Staphylococcus aureus

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