Amoxicillin and Ethyl Cellulose Precipitation by Two Supercritical Antisolvent Processes

Abstract

Composites of amoxicillin and ethyl cellulose in the micrometer range were precipitated by supercritical antisolvent (SAS) processes using carbon dioxide as antisolvent and a mixture of dichloromethane and dimethylsulfoxide as solvents. Morphologies and mean diameter ranges were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and high‐performance liquid chromatography were carried out in order to ensure successful coprecipitation and to determine the amoxicillin contents in the final products. The SAS processes used differ mainly in the way in which the solutions are introduced: through a normal or a coaxial nozzle. The XPS results provided proof that amoxicillin was not distributed in the same way in all the samples. The release behavior of the composites obtained was evaluated in two biological fluids, i.e., simulated gastric and simulated intestinal fluids. The different systems led to the release of the drug in different ways; but in all cases slower solubilization was obtained than for the pure drug.

New Insights into Acrylic Polymer Precipitation by Supercritical Fluids

“…In our case, a particle size reduction to even 70 nm was achieved (run 9) at higher operating conditions than those of other authors [13,14]. These polymer nanoparticles could be used to obtain drug-polymer nanosystems [15,16] that could penetrate physiological membranes to get to their target place.…”

“…Therefore, at higher pressures, the increase of the supersaturation in the solvent-rich region can balance the decrease in the CO 2rich region [21]. However, the precipitation of other acrylic polymers using the SC-CO 2 antisolvent process seemed to be independent of the pressure in the range of 8-12.5 MPa, at a fixed temperature of 40°C [15]. Even as the pressure increased, the mean particle size became smaller during the processing of other polymers [24,25].…”

Supercritical Antisolvent Process for Pharmaceutical Applications: A Review

“…Up to now, the SAS process has been widely exploited to produce composite polymer/active compound systems for various biomedical applications. In particular, composite particles were produced to treat inflammations [8,11,46,65,98,99], infections [17,[100][101][102][103][104][105][106], asthma and allergies [22,32,44,93], diabetes [35,107,108], hypertension [34,70], and other diseases [39,94,[109][110][111][112][113]. Different kinds of active principles, both with synthetic and natural origin, have been incorporated into polymeric particles.…”

Crystallization of All Trans–b–carotene by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Antisolvent via Co–axial Nozzle

“…This coaxial device consisted of two capillary tubes that allows to deliver the feed solution and the CO2 as an antisolvent continuously. By using this device, the agglomeration of particle products also can be minimized due to the two coaxial flows velocities can be controlled independently [9,10]. In this process, the chemical or the physical degradation of -carotene which affected by the presence of light, moisture, oxygen, and high temperature can be avoided.…”